Bellringer: What motivates you to eat? Is it physiological (physical) factors or psychological (mental) factors? Explain your answer.

Learning Targets 1. Describe the four theories of motivation 2. Discuss the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Pre-Assessment Answer the true and false questions to test your knowledge of motivation

Motivation Motivation is an internal state that activates behavior and directs it toward a goal

4 theories of motivation Instincts Drive-Reduction Theory Incentive theory Cognitive theory

Instinct Theory We are motivated by a variety of instincts Instincts: natural or inherited tendencies of an organism to make a specific response to certain environmental stimuli without any reason Ex: Salmon travel thousands of miles to return to where they were born Ex.: Human instincts: cleanliness, curiosity, parental love Criticism Doesn’t explain behavior; only labels

Drive-Reduction Theory That “something” that motivates us starts with a need and leads to a drive Need: results from a lack of something desireful or useful Physiological needs: oxygen and food to survive Psychological needs: self-esteem or social approval (don’t need to survive, learned) A need produces a drive Hunger drives us to eat Fatigue drives us to rest Something that motivates us moves us to action

Criticisms of Drive-Reduction Theory According to the Drive-Reduction Theory infant become attached to their mothers because they usually relieve such drives as hunger and thirst Harry Harlow Monkey Experiment tested this Theory Write a summary (of the Experiment and how Harlow Disproves the Drive-Reduction Theory (1 paragraph = 5-8 sentences)

Incentive Theory Incentives are an external stimulus (environment) reinforcer, or reward that motivates behavior Drives and Incentives work together Hunger may cause you to walk to the McDonalds (drive). The incentive is the cheeseburger and fries. Sometimes are drive is so strong that we don’t care if the incentive is weak aka a cafeteria chicken sandwich when your are hungary

Cognitive Theory Actions are the result of Intrinsic & extrinsic motivations

Intrinsic v. Extrinsic Intrinsic: comes from within. We engage in behaviors because they are personally rewarding Extrinsic: comes from outside. We engage in behaviors that reduce biological needs or help us obtain incentives or external rewards

Exit Slip Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.