Peasants, Trade and Cities 10.1

Population Doubled increased stability and peace The New Agriculture increased food production Climate change Technology Water and Wind Iron

Growth of farming villages cooperation crop rotation

The Manorial System Agricultural Estates called manors Noble Vassal Peasant Serf peasants legally bound to the land, under control of the Lord Fixed responsibilities and protection

Daily Life of the Peasantry Simple life 1-2 room cottages adequate diet Bread Ale Seasons determined activities and work Church Feast days

The Revival of Trade Mostly agricultural society gradually grew to trading centers Italy first, others followed Trade Fairs money economy trading companies banks

The Growth of Cities Expanding trade led to development of cities Merchants built settlements near castles Bourgeoisie Townspeople tied to Lords gained rights and developed governments

Daily Life in the Medieval City Crowded Danger of fire Dirty, smelly, polluted Bath houses Women fewer than men Fulfill specific roles could have quite independent lives

Daily Life in the Medieval City Crowded Danger of fire Dirty, smelly, polluted Bath houses Women fewer than men Fulfill specific roles could have quite independent lives

Industry and Guilds Manufacturing centers Cloth, metalwork, shoes, leather goods Business associations called guilds Directed the production process

Learning a trade apprentice to a master craftsman journeyman Age 10 to 15-17 Room and board, but no pay journeyman Worked for wages under masters Must produce masterpiece to be admitted to guild and become a Master

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