the awesomeness continues… Enzymes!! the awesomeness continues…

Classifying Enzymes There are 4 major categories of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids

Almost all enzymes are proteins. However, there are a few catalytic RNA molecules. proteins Image: Levels of protein structure, M Ruiz

Naming Enzymes For many enzymes, take the name of the substrate the enzyme works on and add the suffix -ase Example: Lactose  Lactase

Enzymes are Catalysts Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes allow reactions to happen that otherwise could not occur. Enzymes are very specific! Enzymes are catalysts to over 4000 biochemical reactions! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif

Activation Energy What is activation energy??? Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Activation_energy.svg

Enzymes are Reusable enzymes are reusable molecules found in living things. as a result, they do not get used up in the reaction http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif

Enzyme Form and Function Lock & key Model: The shape of an enzyme allows it to do a specific job much like a lock and key.

Induced Fit Model An enzyme can form to the shape of its substrate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Induced_fit_diagram.svg

Why are enzymes so important? Nearly all chemical reactions in biological cells require enzymes to make the reaction occur in a reasonable amount of time at biological temperatures at biological pH’s

Enzymes are used all over your body! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Digestive_system_diagram_en.svg

Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Major_digestive_enzymes.png/750px-Major_digestive_enzymes.png Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com

How do you stop an enzyme? Change the shape of the enzyme through some form of external stress Heat pH Because shape is so important for an enzyme’s function, a change in shape makes the enzyme non- functional

Temperature and enzymes Effects of high temperatures on all proteins

A short quiz!!! (yay!!) OK…on the piece of paper provided, answer the questions based on our notes.