Tornadoes

Tornados Smallest, most violent storms in the world Swirling cone of wind and dust A tornado picks up or sweeps up debris Rocks, dust, glass, cars/trucks, cows!

Tornado Damage Wind gusts up to 300 miles per hour Splintered trees Damaged homes Smashed cars People and animals hurt or killed Can drop objects miles away from their original location

Data Tornados kill up to 70 people per year Tornadoes can injure 15,000 people per year

How do Tornadoes Form? Warm air mass slams into a cold air mass

Supercell Thunderstorm Air is filled with moisture Warm air is near the ground A cold air mass is above the warm air Air masses meet

Updraft: Warm air rises Warm air cools as it rises When the air cools, the water in the air condenses Clouds form Clouds build up quickly and fill with rain

At 30,000 ft, the air will no longer rise The air will flatten out and spread out The storm looks like a wide flat cloud HIGH up the sky You can actually see the clouds rotating

Mesocyclone Winds at different heights move in different directions Winds move at different speeds OR BOTH!

Tornado Alley Tornado alley is perfect for the formation of tornados. Warm air mass flows in from the Gulf of Mexico Cold air flows down from Canada

Tornado Alley Warm air contains moisture Cold air is dry Conditions are perfect for the air masses to meet and fight with each other!! Tornado Season: March, April and May

Waterspouts Tornadoes that occur over water Pick up water, boats, other debris and fish! It can “rain” fish on land

EF Scale (Enhanced Fujita)_ Dr. Theodore Fujita “Dr. Tornado” Came up with a scale to measure the strength of tornados based on the damage they cause. EFO to EF6

STATS 74% of all tornadoes are EF0 to EF1 25% of tornadoes are EF2 – EF3 1% of all tornadoes are EF4 – EF5 Forecasters can not predict the strength of a tornado in advance.

Doppler Radar Uses invisible radio waves to locate objects Measures wind direction and speed Images can tell forecasters when a tornado is forming inside a mesocyclone

Anemometer Measures wind speed Cups catch the wind Cups spin around and how fast they spin determines the strength of the wind

Tornado Watch Conditions are right for a tornado to form The “tornado watch” can cover a large area This information comes from Doppler Radar

Tornado Warning A tornado has been spotted You should take cover immediately Sirens will go off A “tornado warning” covers a small area