Term-crusades People-pope urban ii Place-Jerusalem, Constantinople The crusades Term-crusades People-pope urban ii Place-Jerusalem, Constantinople

Crusade The crusades strengthened contacts between the crusades and the sophisticated and learned civilizations Papacy began 12 March 1088 Papacy ended 29 July 1099 Papacy began12 March 1088

Pope urban history Pope Urban 2  born (1042- July 1099). Otho de Lagery was Pope in 1088 to his death in 1099. Pope was really young 57 years of life on this world.

Pope urban 2 Pope Gregory 7 named him cardinal-bishop of Ostia ca. 1080. He was one of the most prominent and active supporters of the Gregorian reforms, especially as legate in Germany in 1084 and was among the few whom Gregory 7 nominated as papabile. Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino was first chosen pope as Victor III when Gregory 7 died in 1085, but after Victor's short reign, Otho was elected Pope Urban 2 by acclamation March 1088 at a small meeting of cardinals and other prelates held in Terracina in March 1088. He took up the policies of Pope Gregory 7 , and while pursuing them with determination, showed greater flexibility and diplomatic finesse. At the outset, he had to reckon with the presence of the powerful antipope Clement 3 in Rome, but a series of well-attended synods held in Rome, Amalfi, Benevento, and Troia supported him in renewed declarations against simony, Investiture Controversy, clerical marriages , and continued opposition to Emperor Henry 5.

during the time of Pope Urban 2 , and the first crusade, there began a significant struggle for power to appoint secular rulers and churchmen. The origins of the investiture controversy, according to Jay Rubenstein started with Pope Urban 2 whose central problem was a war against Henry 5, holy roman emperor (1056-1106). at stake was the question of who had the right to invest bishops with their offices- secular rulers or churchmen, kings or popes. hence the common name for this struggle was the “Investiture Controversy”.