BELLWORK What were abolitionists fighting for? Describe one fact about each of the abolitionists we studied last Thursday. William Lloyd Garrison David Walker Soujourner Truth Lucretia Mott Nat Turner Frederick Douglass

BELLWORK Read “The Missouri Compromise” on page 168 and answer the following questions: How did Missouri entering the Union create an imbalance of power? What was Missouri’s view on slavery? How did the North try and change this? What were the three provisions under the Missouri Compromise? Name two reasons the south was unhappy with the Missouri Compromise. THINKER: Do you think the Missouri Compromise was a fair deal? Why or why not?

Causes of the Civil War “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free…” -Abraham Lincoln

On the road to the Civil War Discussion On the road to the Civil War

Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri was the first state to emerge from the Louisiana Purchase Would it be a slave state or a free state? What was the issue? There were 11 free states and 11 slave states Equal representation in Congress Adding Missouri as a state would off set the balance

Missouri Compromise 1820 The solution? Add Missouri as a slave state 36º 30’ North latitude would be the dividing line between the non-slave states in the North and slave states in the South Maine would be added as a free state

What was the antebellum period? Discussion What was the antebellum period?

Antebellum Period When: From 1830 to 1861 Who: Presidents Jackson, Polk, and Lincoln The Democratic Party – Party of the Common Man, but never opposed slavery The Republican Party – Party of Western farmers and Eastern businessmen – they opposed the spread of slavery in the West

Antebellum Period What: Westward Expansion Settlers began moving into the Louisiana Purchase territory Settlers began moving into the Mexican Cession territory Slavery spread to the West as Southerners moved west The Abolitionist Movement – opposed slavery wherever it existed

Antebellum Period Why: Why did slavery spread? The U.S. acquired territory by purchase, treaty or war Every time a territory became a state, the main question was: Will it be a free state or a slave state? How: How did slavery spread? President - No political party opposed slavery Congress - made compromises to allow the spread of slavery in the West Supreme Court – upheld the spread of slavery

Discussion What is sectionalism?

Sectionalism Sectionalism is the excessive devotion to regional interests. A person’s first loyalty is to his region The North and South were completely different in their: a. economic system b. political system c. culture

Sectionalism The North The South Encouraged modernization Belief that the people should decide whether an action was moral or immoral The South Held the present and past dear Profitable agricultural economy based on slave labor

Sectionalism How: How were they different? South: North: was based on factories and free labor Larger population and capital (money on hand, ready to invest) South: was based on agriculture and slave labor Small population and shortage of capital

Sectionalism Why: Why did the difference between the two regions become so heated? POLITICAL POWER

Discussion Two different views of economic freedom and the South’s view of protection of “property”

The Compromise of 1850 What to do with the land we won in the Mexican-American War? (Mexican Cession) prohibited the slave trade in Washington, D.C. admitted California to the Union as a free state (Gold was just discovered!) gave newly acquired territories the right to decide for themselves whether to permit slavery included a strict fugitive slave law that required Northerners to return escaped slaves to their owners

The Fugitive Slave Law The fugitive slave law made northerners accomplices to slavery, and was very expensive. Runaways were denied the right to trial, special commissions handled cases, and received $5-$10 for every runaway. The law also required free citizens to assist enforcement. Northerners rioted and some cities refused to cooperate with the law.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery = Popular Sovereignty caused a rush of pro and anti slavery “settlers” to fight for control (bleeding Kansas) One southern senator even beat a northern senator with his cane on the Senate floor because of a speech he made about Kansas

The Dred Scott Decision a slave claimed freedom because he had lived for a time in a free state and territory the court declared that no slave could be a United States citizen Congress could not prohibit slavery

Dred Scott Case What effect did the conflict over slavery have on American political parties? Who was Roger B. Taney? Why did Scott think he was a free man? (Think about where he was living with Emerson) Summarize the main arguments for Dred Scott and for Sanford. What was the law on freedom according to Taney? Why was the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional? What power did the states have over Congress in regards to slavery? What happened to Dred Scott after the Supreme Court decision?

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry October 1859, John Brown led an interracial band of 21 men in an attack on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA. Hoped to spark a slave rebellion Brown and his men were captured within 36 hours Revolt led to intense public reaction Southern whites were terrified of a massive slave rebellion However, not one slave was part of John Brown’s group

John Brown’s Trial An eloquent speaker – swayed public opinion Gain Northern supporters Sentenced to hang

American Two Party System the Republican Party considered slavery evil and opposed its extension into Western territories (“…there is a higher law than the Constitution” if the constitution permitted slavery, then we are morally justified to ignore it. ) the Know-Nothing Party blamed immigrants and Roman Catholics for the country's problems

American Two Party System the Democratic Party was divided Northern Democrats believed each state and territory should determine slavery status itself Southern Democrats believed slavery was protected by the Constitution and that Congress could establish slave states