Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850 California statehood. Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

Compromise of 1850

1850 Compromise of 1850 –( by Clay, Webster, Calhoun & S. Douglas) 1) California admitted as free state 2) territories from Mexican war would use popular sovereignty (people decide) 3) Tx. Received $10 million 4) Slave Trade abolished in Wash. D.C. 5) strict fugitive slave law – caused failure of the compromise * President Taylor dies during Compromise

Compromise of 1850

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!

Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] Nativists. Anti-Catholics. Anti-immigrants. 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1852 Presidential Election √ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852 Election Results

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

1854 Kansas- Nebraska Act – by Stephen Douglas Repealed the Missouri Compromise Divided territory into 2 states Use of popular sovereignty to decide if slave or free ( people decide)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Northern Whigs. Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Kansas Civil War over Slavery—precursor to the US Civil War) “Bleeding Kansas” Kansas Civil War over Slavery—precursor to the US Civil War)

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Pottawatomie Creek Brown pulled 5 proslavery men out of their beds and hacked off their hands and stab them.

“The Crime Against Kansas” Brooks beat Sumner with his cane almost to death!—Blood shed in Congress over Slavery Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856 Election Results

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

1857 Dred Scott case ( Dred Scott v. Sandford) Supreme Court ruled : African Americans not citizens but property – could not sue Congress couldn’t keep slavery out of territories The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

1858 Lincoln – Douglas Debates 7 debates over Senate seat in Illinois Douglas states “ Freeport Doctrine” – sd. People could keep slavery out of territories – costs him support of the South ( later) but he wins Senate seat

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty?

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

1859 John Brown’s Raid An abolitionist – attempted a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry,Virginia ( federal arsenal) Put down – Brown hanged North honored him, South condemned him

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union 1860 Presidential Election Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860 Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 South threatens to secede if Lincoln elected – Lincoln wins but promises not to interfere with slavery where it existed Dec. - South Carolina secedes

1860

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY)

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860 Step 1: Label all states on your map do not abbreviate Step 2: Color Northern states blue Step 3: Color Border states green Step 4: Color 7 state to secede before Fort Sumter Red Step 5: Color 4 states to secede after Fort Sumter Yellow Step 6: Create a key

1861 Formation of the Confederacy Feb. – 6 more states join S.C. { Ga., Fla.,Ala., La., Miss., Tx.} and they form the Confederate States of America ( CSA) Elect Jefferson Davis as President

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

1861 April – Ft. Sumter ( SC) – South fires on Ft. Sumter – Lincoln calls for volunteers – South sees this as an act of war – 4 more states join the Confederacy { Va, Tenn, Ark, NC}