Figure 6 Microfluidics for semen analysis Figure 6 | Microfluidics for semen analysis. a | A commercially available paper-based device, SpermCheck, for human sperm concentration analysis. b | Paper-based quantification of male fertility potential. c | Motility assay. Motile sperm swim vertically through a saturated membrane filter with an 8-µm pore size to generate a colorimetric signal for motility. d | Paper-based sperm DNA integrity analysis device. e | Intact double-stranded sperm DNA and damaged single-stranded sperm DNA were concentrated and separated in 10 min using ion concentration polarization effects in paper. Part a is from Coppola, M. A. et al. SpermCheck Fertility, an immunodiagnostic home test that detects normozoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Hum. Reprod. 25, 853–861 (2010), by permission of Oxford University Press Ref. 177. Parts b and c are adapted from Reza Nosrati, Max M. Gong, Maria C. San Gabriel, Claudio E. Pedraza, Armand Zini, David Sinton. Paper-based quantification of male fertility potential. Clinical Chemistry Mar 2016, 62 (3), 458–465; DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.250282 reproduced with permission from the American Association for Clinical Chemistry183. Parts d and e are adapted with permission from Gong et al. Direct DNA analysis with paper-based ion concentration polarization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 13913–13919 (2015) copyright (2015) American Chemical Society185. Part a is from Coppola, M. A. et al. SpermCheck Fertility, an immunodiagnostic home test that detects normozoospermia and severe oligozoospermia Hum. Reprod. 25, 853–61 (2010), by permission of Oxford University Press REF. 177. Parts b and c are adapted from Reza Nosrati, Max M. Gong, Maria C. San Gabriel, Claudio E. Pedraza, Armand Zini, David Sinton. Paper-based quantification of male fertility potential. Clinical Chemistry Mar 2016, 62 (3) 458-465; DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.250282 Reproduced with permission from the American Association for Clinical Chemistry183. Parts d and e are adapted with permission from Gong et al. Direct DNA analysis with paper-based ion concentration polarization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 13913–13919 (2015) Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society185. Nosrati, R. et al. (2017) Microfluidics for sperm analysis and selection Nat. Rev. Urol. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2017.175