Lost Opportunities 1.3.1 & 1.3.3 ⍰Define ⥀Review 💡Important ⓌI Wonder

Objective Describe the actions taken by some white southerners to limit the new opportunities given to African Americans.

⥀Republicans Southern Reaction Southern blacks White merchants that welcomed new industries Small landowners wanted to take power from rich planters ⍰Former Whigs ⍰Whigs - political belief of Progress over Reaction

Southern Reaction For twenty years after the Civil War the United States elected mostly Republicans as presidents and controlled Congress. Democrats called these white, southern supporters of Reconstruction ⍰scalawags? And ⍰carpetbaggers? ⍰Scalawag - Southerners that supported the Republican government

Carpetbagger ⍰Carpetbagger - Northerners that traveled South to help or profit

Primary Source Conversation Between a Republican and a Democrat WHEN it was written - August of 1872 WHO wrote it - Imaginary Republican WHERE it was written - North Carolina WHY it was written - To make Democrats question the morals & honesty of their representatives

Blacks Elected in the South 💡💡 💡💡 Blacks Elected in the South two black U.S. senators ⥀ 650 African Americans elected to high public offices Ⓦ Which two states had the highest African American population? ⥀

The Black Codes ⍰Local laws that limited rights of African Americans. Southern whites wanted to bring back old ways by passing local laws called ⍰black codes? Landowners had the most to gain because black codes provide a steady source of labor. Justified on the idea that it was the natural order. Restricted from guns, certain jobs, living in certain areas. ⍰Local laws that limited rights of African Americans.

Black Codes

The Black Codes ⍰Vagrancy - he or she had no job or permanent home could face ⍰Convict labor A child found to be a vagrant could be made to work until 21. ⍰ Forced to work as punishment for a crime

Violence to Intimidate and Terrorize 💡💡 💡💡 Violence to Intimidate and Terrorize White supremacist groups used fear and violence to reduce Republican support. They feared the growth of “Negro Rule” ⍰White League: Military style group started in Louisiana. Knights of the White Camellia 💡 Ku Klux Klan 💡Started by Confederate soldiers. Main goal: Stop Republican state control.

Gone with The Wind

Fletch Lives

Resisting Violence in the South Actions of violence angered ⍰Radical Republicans in Congress. To stop violence, they passed ⍰Reconstruction Amendments and increased the number of Union troops in major southern cities. ⍰13, 14, 15th Amendments (Civil War Amendments)

General William Tecumseh Sherman 💡 💡💡 Sherman issued Special Field Order Number 15. Freed slaves followed his march through Georgia. This gave slave families 40 acres of land and a mule. Led African Americans to believe they could be land owners. Rejected by President Johnson after one year.

⍰Sharecropping Landowners often took advantage of African Americans by paying less for their share of the crops. ⍰Farming in which a landowner allows someone to farm the land in return for part of the crop

Sharecropping Poverty Cycle

Land and Labor in the South 1.3.3 💡Important ⓌI Wonder ⍰Define ⥀Review

Objective Examine the factors leading to the end of Reconstruction and their effects on southern communities.

Land and Labor in the South The South was once the richest area in the United States, but by the spring of 1865, it was the poorest region of the United States. ⥀Freedman’s Bureau ⥀Sharecropping

Tenants and Sharecroppers 💡 💡 Tenants and Sharecroppers ⥀13th Amendment - Freed slaves BUT...Criminals (convict laborers) could be used for hard labor if found guilty of violating laws. It allowed criminals to be used as slaves and was a legal punishment. 💡💡 💡

O Brother, Where Art Thou?

💡 ⥀ 13th Amendment Criminals could be forced to work without pay. Convict laborers could be made to work against their will. Basically, used legally as slaves.

⥀Sharecropping & ⍰Tenant Farming New Forms of Farming ⥀Sharecropping & ⍰Tenant Farming different from sharecroppers. brought their own tools and animals. paid the landowner a fixed sum of cash. ⍰Tenant Farming - a person lives on and farms land owned by someone else.

I Wonder , How Were They Different? Ⓦ I Wonder , How Were They Different? Sharecropper Does all the work on land with ANOTHER”S tool, seeds & animals Gets a share of the crop Tenant Has their own tools, plow, supplies & animals May pay rent in $$ or crops A solution to problems and an opportunity for farmers. It caused new problems — and extended slave-like treatment for some African Americans & sharecroppers 💡 💡

Sharecropper Facts/Opportunities The landowner decided what to plant. If worker could not pay, they had to stay on that land until they could pay debts. A worker who made enough $$ could: Use $$ to rent land Move to town for work Find another landowner 💡 💡

Land and Labor in the South ⍰ Debt peonage If the worker could never afford to pay the amount owed to the landowner or company store. Paying by labor but never able to pay in full. ⓌI Wonder who benefited?

⥀ Remember the Debt Cycle?

Cash Crops and Food Crops This is what the sharecropper or tenant plants to make their living. ⍰food crop Planted in small plots to provide food. ⍰a crop produced for its resale value rather than for use by the grower

💡 💡 💡 💡 Everybody Must Work The sharecropping contract says that everyone in the family must work. Women & children. Women need to be at home some of the time. They need to cook, clean, and tend the garden. The animals need to be fed, too. 💡 💡