C. Syncretic religions An intermixing of a major faith and traditional cultural elements Christianity Mixing with traditional Norse (No. Eur.) elements (Easter Bunny – Eostre festival coincides with Christ’s resurrection) Eostre- Goddess of dawn, spring and fertility) Saint Mary (Virgen Maria) in Latin America Santeria in Caribbean Sikh Hinduism in Bali

Mary in Latin America North west of the city of Loja you’ll find the place of El Cisne, a small town in Ecuador’s Southern Andes, the site of the venerated shrine of the Virgen María.  Every August there is a three day pilgrimage of faithful Ecuadorians carrying the statue of La Virgen del Cisne from El Cisne to Loja with fiestas in every town along the way. The statue of the Virgin Mary is carried 74 kms to the cathedral of Loja where it is the focus of one of the oldest festivals in Latin America on September 8th

Ecuadorian indigenous people who lived in the mountains, followed a syncretic form of Catholicism that combined indigenous beliefs with orthodox Catholic doctrine. Saints often were venerated in ways similar to indigenous deities. In the Amazonian jungle region, Catholic practices were often combined with elements of shamanism.

Santeria Santeria in Cuba Voodoo- A religion practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries, especially Haiti, syncretized from Roman Catholic ritual elements and the animism and magic of slaves from West Africa, in which a supreme God rules a large pantheon of local and tutelary deities, deified ancestors, and saints, who communicate with believers in dreams, trances, and ritual possessions. Also called vodoun.

Places names near Quebec’s boundaries with Ontario and NY In Quebec, a province with a predominantly Roman Catholic population, a large number of settlements are named for saints.

Toponyms – place names Christian names: St. Paul, St. Louis, San Antonio California Spanish Missions California mission chain was begun in 1769 on behalf of the King of Spain to establish control over Spanish territory and facilitate trade with ships and people coming to area. Missions were a day’s walk from each other.

Please answer these questions as you walk in based on your homework. What is fundamentalism? What impact did the Taliban have on Afghanistan? Provide one example of religious conflict based on the following: - interfaith (Between)- - intrafaith (within)-

Religious Fundamentalism/Extremism Ex: Iranian Revolution in 1979 VS

Interfaith and Intrafaith disputes Inter = between Intra = within Interfaith dispute India: Hindu/Muslim 1947 huge migration Sikh independence Punjab

India and Pakistan Pakistan, once a part of India, was established in 1947 as a Muslim-state. Pakistan and India are raging over control of the northern territory known as Kashmir.

Sikhism Syncretic religion in Punjab state of India Combines Hinduism w/ Islam Universalizing or Ethnic religion? Proclaims universal truth (the “sat nam”) Spatially clustered Does NOT proselytize

Golden Temple at Amritsar

Interfaith Conflict in Nigeria Islam prevails in the north while Christianity and local religions prevail in south. Such division causes power-based tensions for control of the one government. Has led to rise of extremist groups – Boko Haram

Interfaith Conflicts in Israel For centuries, Jews and Muslims have warred for control of Palestine. This fight intensified after the creation of Israel following WWII.

Intrafaith Islamic Conflicts Iraq – After the fall of the largely Sunni government by Saddam Hussein, both Sunnis and Shiites are warring for control of the newly forming political landscape.

Intrafaith Christian Conflicts Northern Ireland – Protestant Christians and Roman Catholics

                                                                                 Soldiers round up civil rights protesters in Derry on Bloody Sunday, 30 January 1972, after British paratroopers opened fire on the demonstrators World History: The Modern Era, s.v. "Bloody Sunday," Image, Getty Images/Staff, accessed November 7, 2011. http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/.