South Africa & the fall of Apartheid By: Emily Beauchamp

Apartheid “separation” Government policy of the white government between1950-1993 medical care, beaches, education, transport and other public services

Nelson Mandela Born in 1918 mission school education and learnt from stories that his tribal elders told him Opened the first black law firm in South Africa with Oliver Tambo Joined the African National Congress (ANC) Led the party for ten years in the struggle against the racial injustices of apartheid Jailed for treason for 27 years

Perspective #1 B.J. de Klerk- historian and professor at Potchefstroom University, South Africa Mandela’s role was as a symbol of struggle and reconciliation “an unassailable icon of struggle against racial injustice who later became an icon of reconciliation”.

Perspective #2 Historians C Hefti and E Staehelin-Witt, from the Swiss National Science Fund Introduced in1986 South Africa’s main trading partners: the US, the EU and Japan. Main imports sanctioned: steel, iron, uranium, coal, textiles and food Most critical sanction was the OPEC’s oil embargo.

Perspective #3 Alexander Laverty: Historian and university lecturer at the University of Southern California in Public Diplomacy Main sports: rugby, cricket and football Whites played rugby, blacks played football Suspended from 1961 FIFA world cup, banned from 1964 Tokyo Olympics Massive protests on the 1981 Springbok tour to New Zealand

My Perspective the apartheid regime and the white south African government were destined to fall and fail. Sporting and economic sanctions speeded up the process a combination of sanctions and the role of Nelson Mandela as a symbol of black struggle against racial injustice  

“Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another.” – Nelson Mandela