America’s History CH 18: The Victorians Make the Modern 1880-1917

Americans began to have leisure time LEISURE TIME AT THE BEACH.

New technologies and inventions created conveniences: ice box, Hershey’s Bar, basketball, toilet paper, vacuum cleaner

Edison’s electricity plant, Boston Thomas Edison His first patent was in 1868 for an Electrical Vote Recorder. 1869 he received patents for an improved stock ticker and several other devices. Between 1872 and 1876 he invented the motograph, automatic telegraph systems, paraffin paper, the electric pen (mimeograph machine), and many other useful machines. 1876-1877 he invented the carbon telephone transmitter "button", which made telephony a commercial success. The first phonograph was made in Edison’s lab. 1879 he invented the first commercially practical incandescent electric lamp and later invented the machinery for the commercial use of electricity. Altogether Edison obtained almost 1100 patents. He also developed the first research lab at Menlo Park. Edison’s electricity plant, Boston

Electricity vastly changed life for all people Electricity vastly changed life for all people. This new technology paved the way for many future inventions that rely upon electricity to work; Its immediate effects were felt by people who could safely continue to operate after dark for the first time in the history of mankind. Nikola Tesla George Westinghouse Alternating Current power plant

The name “Jim Crow” was first used in 1832 for an exaggerated Black character in a minstrel show. It quickly became a widely-used offensive racial slur. By the end of the 19th century it had taken on a different meaning, and was used to describe the segregationist regimen that had spread throughout the South. "Come listen all you galls and boys, I'm going to sing a little song, My name is Jim Crow. Weel about and turn about and do jis so, Eb'ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow."

EXAMPLES OF “JIM CROW” LAWS: Lunch Counters No persons, firms, or corporations, who or which furnish meals to passengers at station restaurants or station eating houses, in times limited by common carriers of said passengers, shall furnish said meals to white and colored passengers in the same room, or at the same table, or at the same counter. South Carolina Textbooks Books shall not be interchangeable between the white and colored schools, but shall continue to be used by the race first using them. North Carolina Prisons The warden shall see that the white convicts shall have separate apartments for both eating and sleeping from the Negro convicts. Mississippi Parks It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment of white persons...and unlawful for any white person to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the use and benefit of colored persons. Georgia Burial The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons. Georgia Nurses No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which Negro men are placed. Alabama Intermarriage All marriages of white persons with Negroes, Mulattos, Mongolians, or Malaya hereafter contracted in the State of Wyoming are and shall be illegal and void. Wyoming

Examples of segregated facilities: 8

Sports became a spectator activity for all Americans.

The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was an American women's rights organization formed in May 1890 as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). The NAWSA was the largest and most important suffrage organization in the United States, and was the primary promoter of women's right to vote. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was organized by women who were concerned about the destructive power of alcohol and the problems it was causing their families and society.

SCHOOLS RAPIDLY GREW IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY. EDUCATION, THE NEED FOR EDUCATED WORKERS AND TEACHING IMMIGRANTS ENGLISH LED TO THE RAPID GROWTH OF SCHOOLS IN THE LATER PART OF THE 19TH. CENTURY LITERACY RATE, NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO CAN READ AND WRITE, IN THE U.S. IT WENT FROM 80% IN 1870 TO 92% IN 1910

Realism in art and literature refers to the attempt to represent familiar and everyday people and situations in an accurate, unidealized manner. It was a reaction against romanticism. Romanticism was an earlier movement that presented the world in much more idealized terms. The American Protective Association (APA) was an American anti-Catholic secret society established in 1887 by American Protestants.