Acids and Bases.

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Presentation transcript:

Acids and Bases

Review Practice What is the molarity of a solution created by adding 58 grams of magnesium hydroxide to 4 liters of water? Answer: 0.25 m Mg(OH)2 What is the molarity of a solution created by adding 49 grams of sulfuric acid to 3 liters of water? Answer: 0.167 m H2SO4

Calculating Ion Concentration Write the dissociation equation. Determine the molarity of the solution. Multiply the Molarity of the solution by the number of Hydrogen or Hydroxide Ions in the Compound. Example: What is the hydrogen ion concentration if 2 moles of sulfuric acid are dissolved in 6 liters of solution? H2SO4 → 2H+ + SO42- M = 2mol/6L = 0.33 M 0.33 M x 2H+= 0.67 M [H+]

Now you try What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a 3 liter solution with 24.5 grams of phosphoric acid? 0.25 M [H+] What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a 5 liter solution with 7.4 grams of calcium hydroxide? 0.04 M [OH-]

Acids and Bases Acids produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. HCl → H+ + Cl- Have a pH less than 7. Bases produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Ca(OH)2 → Ca2+ + 2OH- Have a pH greater than 7 Pure water is neutral with a pH of 7

pH scale Scale used to show hydrogen ion concentration [H+] in a solution. pH scale ranges from 0-14. pH < 7 acidic pH > 7 basic pH = 7 neutral pH = -log [H+]

You Try Calculate the pH of the following hydrogen ion concentrations. 0.01 M [H+] 0.006 M [H+] 0.4 M [H+] 0.00008 M [H+]

More Calculate the pH of a 250 mL solution with 7.3 grams of hydrochloric acid. pH = 0.10 Calculate the pH of a 475 mL solution with 19.6 grams of sulfuric acid solution. pH = 0.075 Calculate the pH of a 1.6 Liter solution with 49 grams of phosphoric acid. pH = 0.028

pOH scale Scale used to show hydroxide ion concentration [OH-] in a solution. pOH scale ranges from 0-14. pOH > 7 acidic pOH < 7 basic pOH = 7 neutral pOH = -log [OH-] pH + pOH = 14 [OH-] = 10-pOH [H+] x [OH-] = 1 x 10-14

Practice What is the pOH of a 5 Liter solution with 148 grams calcium hydroxide solution? pOH = 0.10 basic What is the pOH of a 375 mL solution with .0316 grams of aluminum hydroxide? Is this solution acidic or basic? pOH = 2.50 basic What is the pH of a 50 mL solution with 0.00114 grams of magnesium hydroxide? Is this solution acidic or basic? pH = 10.9 basic