Aim # 27: What is an acid? H.W. # 27 Study p. 503 pp. 506-509 Ans. ques. p. 532 # 6,12-14,16 Study pp. 104-105 Ans. ques. p. 109 # 24

e.g. CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq) I An electrolyte will dissolve in water to form a solution that will conduct an electric current. (It produces free, moving ions.) Acids, bases, and salts are electrolytes. II Weak electrolytes in aqueous solution dissociate or ionize only partially. e.g. CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq) Strong electrolytes dissociate or ionize completely in water. e.g. HCl(g) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) NaCl(s) + H2O(l) → NaCl(aq) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate at all. e. g Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate at all. e.g. C6H12O6(s) + H2O(l) → C6H12O6(aq) III Dissociation NaCl(s) + H2O(l) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (Ionic) IV Ionization- the formation of ions from the reaction of water molecules with a molecular compound. HCl(g) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (covalent) hydronium ion Hydronium ion is formed when a hydrogen ion attaches itself to a water molecule.

V Acid (Arrhenius’ theory)- a substance that yields hydrogen ions as the only positive ions in aqueous solution. E.g. HCl(aq) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) hydrochloric acid H+ + H:O: → H:O:H + H H hydronium ion

V Naming Acids A. Binary Acids (do not contain oxygen) Formula of Name of undissolved Name of water compound compound solution HCl hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acid HBr hydrogen bromide hydrobromic acid The hydrogen telluride ? To name a binary acid, add the prefix hydro and the suffix ic to the root of the second element in the compound. Then follow it with the word acid.

Note: All other acids that do not contain oxygen are named similarly. e.g. hydro “root”ic becomes ? hydrogen iodide becomes ? hydrogen fluoride becomes ? Note: All other acids that do not contain oxygen are named similarly. Name the following acid: HCN Ans: hydrocyanic acid

B. Ternary Acids- made by dissolving molecular compounds in water that form polyatomic anions. Anion Ternary Acid NO3-, nitrate HNO3, nitric acid NO2-, nitrite HNO2, nitrous acid To name a ternary acid, if the anion ends in ate, change the ending to ic, and add the word acid. If the name of the anion ends in ite, change the ending to ous, and add the word acid. SO42- , sulfate H2SO4 ? sulfuric acid

sulfurous acid SO32- sulfite H2SO3 ? ClO- HClO ClO2- HClO2 ClO3- HClO3 PO43- H3PO4 PO33- H3PO3 PO23- H3PO2 Ref. Table K “common acids”