Chapter 3: The Social Self Part 1: Jan. 31, 2012

Self-Concept Beliefs we have about ourselves Self-schemas are part of this: Recognize images of ourselves betw 18-24 mos. Then, social factors become important 5 main sources of forming the self-concept: Introspection, perceptions of our behavior, others’ influence, memories, & culture

Sources Introspection – consider your own feelings But may be difficult to describe accurately What is “Affective forecasting”? Impact bias? Perceptions of our own behavior: Bem’s self-perception theory: what is it?

Self-perception can influence our emotions Facial Feedback – changes in facial expression can trigger change in our emotion Example? New research on ‘embodied cognition’ – our judgments and behaviors reflect our body’s cues Examples?

Self-perception can influence our motivation Overjustification effect – what is it? Children’s motivation research:

3. Influence of other people – Social comparison theory (Festinger): When is this most often used? With whom do we compare ourselves? Effects of context:

4. Autobiographical memories – Recall earlier events to shape self-concept: What stages tend to be recalled? 1. 2. What is the effect of ‘flashbulb memories’? may not be accurate (self-presentation effects)

Culture & self-concept: Individualism (I) vs. collectivism (C) I cultures = C cultures = What is the focus of self-definitions in these cultures? Markus’ research on the self as part of a group: