Basic Cell Structures

Vocabulary 9 Cell Membrane Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Cytoplasm Chloroplasts Prokaryote Mitochondria Eukaryote Vacuoles Cell Organelles Lysosomes Nucleus Cytoskeleton Cell wall Centrioles Ribosomes Cilia Flagella Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum DNA

What is a cell? A collection of living matter enclosed by barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings Cells are the basic unit of life They are the smallest units of matter that can be considered living

Three Common Cell Features Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA

Cell Membrane A membrane is thin, flexible layer of material The cell membrane surrounds the cell It holds it together Functions like a fence with gates or screen on a window, controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Outside of cell Inside (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains

Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Gel like substance inside the cell membrane Made of water and organic compounds Various structures called organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm

Two Major Categories of Cells Prokaryote Simple Bacteria and blue-green algae Eukaryote Complex Plants and animals

Nucleus or Not? Prokaryotes Some cells have no nucleus but do have loose DNA in their cytoplasm Called Prokaryotes Bacteria and cousins Small Primitive Have no organelles except ribosomes They can perform all of the functions of life

Prokaryote

Nucleus or Not? Eukaryotes Eukaryotes cells have nuclear membranes around nucleus Have organelles More complex Larger All plants and animals plants animals

Animal Cell Animal Cell Centrioles (attached) Ribosome Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth Mitochondrion Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) (attached) Animal Cell

Plant cell Chloroplast Cell wall Smooth endoplasmic Vacuole reticulum Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Cell wall Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum

What am I I have DNA Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither

Three Common Cell Features Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA

What am I I am a plant cell Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither

Nucleus or Not? Eukaryotes Eukaryotes cells have nuclear membranes around nucleus Have organelles More complex Larger All plants and animals plants animals

What am I I have no nucleus Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither

Nucleus or Not? Prokaryotes Some cells have no nucleus but do have loose DNA in their cytoplasm Called Prokaryotes Bacteria and cousins Small Primitive Have no organelles except ribosomes They can perform all of the functions of life

What am I A bacteria Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither

Two Major Categories of Cells Prokaryote Simple Bacteria and blue-green algae Eukaryote Complex Plants and animals

What am I I have a cell membrane Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither

Three Common Cell Features Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA

What am I I am more complex Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither

Nucleus or Not? Eukaryotes Eukaryotes cells have nuclear membranes around nucleus Have organelles More complex Larger All plants and animals plants animals

What am I My DNA is surrounded by its own Sac Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither

Nucleus or Not? Eukaryotes Eukaryotes cells have nuclear membranes around nucleus Have organelles More complex Larger All plants and animals plants animals

What am I I am thin and let stuff in and out of the cell Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

Cell Membrane A membrane is thin, flat , layer, flexible layer of material The cell membrane surrounds the cell It holds it together Functions like a fence with gates or screen on a window, controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Outside of cell Inside (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains

This is a Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither

Prokaryote

7) Cell Organelles Cells have many parts Each part performs a certain task

Organelles in Cytoplasm Cells function like miniature factories Take in nutrients Make, sort, secrete, or store chemicals Eliminate waste Organelles perform these functions much like little factories

Differences in Plants and Animal Cells Cell Walls Chloroplasts Large Central Vacuoles Animals No Cell Walls Centrioles

Animal Cell Animal Cell Centrioles (attached) Ribosome Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth Mitochondrion Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) (attached) Found only in Plants Animal Cell

Plant cell Chloroplast Cell wall Found only in Plants Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Cell wall Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Tree Dog Worm Rock I have a stiff covering that surrounds my cells I am a Tree Dog Worm Rock

Flower Cactus Worm Rock I have a no stiff covering that surrounds my cells I am a Flower Cactus Worm Rock

The Nucleus Prominent organelle Not all cells have a nucleus The nucleus controls most cell processes Contains the hereditary information of DNA. The DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus. The small, dense region in the nucleus is the nucleolus- which make ribosomes for the cell

Cell wall Cell Wall

Cell wall The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.

Cell Wall Plants Bacteria Fungus

Ribosomes Make proteins from amino acids Only organelle found both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Extensive network of membranes Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Endoplastic Reticulum Has ribosomes on its surface (looks rough) Makes protein that will be secreted by the cell Makes new cell membrane

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum No ribosomes Makes Lipids Eliminates waste Processes carbohydrates Modifies toxic chemicals

Golgi Apparatus Flat membrane bound sac’s Cell’s transportation system The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and sends them out of the cell

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

Mitochondrion Generates energy necessary to power the cell’s activities Change the energy stored in food (glucose) into a form the cell can use Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Mitochondria

Vacuoles Space for cell storage of materials Saclike structure Stores water, proteins and other substances Many plants have a large Central Vacuole filled with liquid that allows it to support itself better

Lysosomes Sac-like Contains digestive enzymes that break-down molecules that are no longer useful Recycles materials Can sometimes destroy the whole cell lysosome

Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion

Centrioles Located near the nucleus Helps organize cell division Centrioles are not found in plant cells.

Structures for movement Cilia Hairlike projections Used to propel cells Used to propel the fluids around the cell Used for sensing the environment

Structures for movement Flagella Larger tail like projections Used mainly for locomotion Usually only have one

cwIk kWizzzzz I am in all cells and make proteins Lysosome Ribosome Centriole Vacuole

Ribosomes Make proteins from amino acids Only organelle found both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

I help divide the cell Lysosome Ribosome Centriole Vacuole

Centrioles Located near the nucleus Helps organize cell division Centrioles are not found in plant cells.

I am in charge of transportation and packaging Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Cytoskeleton Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus Flat membrane bound sac’s Cell’s transportation system The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

_____________ are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy Chloroplasts Mitochondria Lysosome Flagella

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

I am inside the cell and help to give shape to it Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Vacuole

Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion

The main function of the ______________ is to provide support and protection for the cell. Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Vacuole

Cell wall The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.

Generates energy necessary to power the cell’s activities Chloroplasts Mitochondria Lysosome Flagella

Mitochondrion Generates energy necessary to power the cell’s activities Change the energy stored in food (glucose) into a form the cell can use Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has _________ in it while the smooth reticulum does not Lysosomes Ribosomes Centriole Vacuoles

Rough Endoplastic Reticulum Has ribosomes on its surface (looks rough) Makes protein that will be secreted by the cell Makes new cell membrane

The vacoule Makes proteins Is a a space for cell storage of materials Generates energy necessary to power the cell’s activities Used to propel cells

Vacuoles Space for cell storage of materials Saclike structure Stores water, proteins and other substances Many plants have a large Central Vacuole filled with liquid that allows it to support itself better

The ___________ Makes Lipids, Eliminates waste, Processes carbohydrates Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoskeleton Golgi Apparatus

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum No ribosomes Makes Lipids Eliminates waste Processes carbohydrates Modifies toxic chemicals

The has ribosomes on its surface (looks rough), makes protein that will be secreted by the cell and makes new cell membrane Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoskeleton Golgi Apparatus

Rough Endoplastic Reticulum Has ribosomes on its surface (looks rough) Makes protein that will be secreted by the cell Makes new cell membrane

The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA. Ribosomes Centriole Vacuoles

The Nucleus Prominent organelle Not all cells have a nucleus The nucleus controls most cell processes Contains the hereditary information of DNA. The DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus. The small, dense region in the nucleus is the nucleolus.

A tail like projection used mainly for locomotion Cilia Prokaryote Flagella Lysosome

Structures for movement Flagella Larger tail like projections Used mainly for locomotion Usually only have one

Hairlike projections used to propel cells, propel the fluids around the cell and for sensing the environment Cilia Prokaryote Flagella Lysosome

Structures for movement Cilia Hairlike projections Used to propel cells Used to propel the fluids around the cell Used for sensing the environment

Finished