MCP-1 and MIP-1α are Most Efficient in Recruiting T Cells into the SkinIn Vivo  Rainer Kunstfeld, Sonja Lechleitner, Klaus Wolff, Peter Petzelbauer  Journal of Investigative Dermatology  Volume 111, Issue 6, Pages 1040-1044 (December 1998) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00410.x Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Time kinetics of T cell infiltrates following chemokine injection. A cocktail of rh MIP-1a, MCP-1, and RANTES, 200 ng each, was injected into the human skin sites 5, 7, or 9 d following grafting of human T cells into the peritoneal cavity. The skin specimens were harvested at indicated times following chemokine injection and numbers of T cells were counted in cryostat sections stained with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody as described inMaterials and Methods. SVP, superficial vascular plexus skin; DVP, deep vascular plexus skin. One of two experiments is shown. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 111, 1040-1044DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00410.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 MCP-1-induced T cell infiltrates are restricted to sites of human endothelium. MCP-1 (left panel) was injected into human skin, mouse skin, or mouse muscle 7 d following T cell engraftment, skin specimens were harvested 48 h following the intradermal MCP-1 injection, and numbers of T cells per high power field were enumerated; results of three independent experiments are shown. TNF was used as a positive control (right panel). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 111, 1040-1044DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00410.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Chemokine differences in attracting human T cells. Chemokines were injected at day 7 following T cell engraftment, human skin was harvested 48 h later. Results are shown as thex-fold increase in numbers of T cells in chemokine-injected skin sites compared with its individual solvent control. Logarithmic scale at they axis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 111, 1040-1044DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00410.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Chemokine-induced patterns of T cell inflammation. (a) Human deep vascular plexus skin 48 h following rh MCP-1 injection; all human vessels in red (UEA-1 staining) are surrounded by numerous human T cells in blue (anti-human CD3 staining, examples given byarrows). The insert in (a) shows human DVP skin 48 h following solvent control injection, human vessels in red are surrounded by single human T cells in blue (arrows). (b) Serial section of the skin specimen shown in (a); mouse vessels in red (anti-mouse CD31 staining,arrows) are not surrounded by human T cells in blue (anti-human CD3 staining). (c) Mouse muscle of the abdominal wall 48 h following rh IP-10 injection; human CD3 positive T cells (red) are attached to and within the peritoneum and between the muscle fibers; the peritoneal cavity is marked by an asterisk, counter staining with Mayer’s hematoxylin in blue. (d) Mouse muscle of the abdominal wall 48 h following solvent control injection, CD3-positive T cells stained in red are completely absent; the peritoneal cavity is marked by an asterisk, counter staining with Mayer’s hematoxylin in blue. (e) Mouse back skin 48 h following rh MCP-1 injection, UEA-1 (red) stains the mouse epidermis and mouse adnexial structures but not mouse vessels, CD3-positive human T cells (stained in blue) are completely absent. (f) Mouse gluteal muscle 48 h following rh MCP-1 injection, mouse vessels are stained in red (anti-mouse CD31), CD3-positive human T cells (stained in blue) are completely absent.Scale bar: 0.1 mm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 111, 1040-1044DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00410.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 MCP-1-induced mRNA expression within human and mouse tissues. Forty-eight hours following MCP-1 or solvent control injection, mRNA was amplified by RT-PCR from 10 mg of human superficial vascular plexus skin (SVP) and deep vascular plexus skin (DVP), from mouse skin or from mouse gluteal muscle. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 111, 1040-1044DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00410.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions