The Revolutionary War & the War of 1812 AHSGE Social Studies Review Chapter 2: The Revolutionary War & the War of 1812 AHSGE Social Studies Review

Vocabulary/ terms Guerilla war tactics- hit and run attacks Nationalism- pride in and devotion to one’s country Embargo- ban on trade with another country Impressment- act of seizing men from a ship or village and forcing them to serve in the navy

Vocabulary/ Terms Unalienable- given at birth Colonialism- the system or policy by which a country maintains foreign colonies, especially in order to exploit them economically Monopoly- complete control of a certain market; a market in which there is one supplier (no competition)

Vocabulary/ Terms Writs of assistance- legal documents that allowed British customs officers to search for illegal goods without an owner’s permission Minutemen- volunteers who trained to fight the British

The Navigation Acts Navigation Act of 1651- only English ships could carry goods to and from the colonies; passed to stop Dutch trading in the English colonies Navigation Act of 1696- allowed customs officials to seize any unlawfully shipped goods and required that merchants accused of smuggling to be tried without a jury (colonists would not convict the merchants).

Restricted Rights George III- became king of Britain and tried to gain more control over colonial trade Issued writs of assistance

Restricted Rights James Otis Lawyer representing Boston merchants who had their businesses searched Defended the rights of merchants Brought important leaders into a larger discussion about personal liberties.

Britain versus France French and Indian War- conflict between France and Britain in North America 1754- 1763 Seven Years’ War- European name for the French and Indian War The Iroquois Confederacy joined Britain and the colonists Algonquin and Huron joined the side of the French

Britain versus France Proclamation of 1763- British informed settlers they could not move west because the colonies had to respect the rights of the Native American nations.

Taxation without Representation The colonists were not allowed representatives in the British Parliament, so each tax became law without their consent. The Sugar Act- lowered the tax on molasses, but British troops strictly enforced this new tax.

Taxation without Representation Stamp Act- created a tax on all paper items Sons of Liberty- secret group of colonists who boycotted British goods Daughters of Liberty- weaved their own cloth so they would not have to buy it from Britain Stamp Act was repealed in 1766.

Taxation without Representation Townshend Acts- established a tax on all imported glass, paper, lead, and tea sold in the colonies British soldiers searched homes, businesses, and ships to make sure colonists had paid the tax on these items

The Boston Massacre Boston Massacre- British soldiers shot five men in Boston, March 5, 1770 Crispus Attucks- a free black sailor killed in the Boston Massacre Britain removed all taxes with the exception of the tax on tea to try and settle the colonial unrest. Colonists boycotted the tea.

Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party- December 16, 1773, some Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and threw tea into Boston Harbor in protest of the tax on tea Samuel Adams- led the Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts- laws passed in Parliament to punish colonists for Boston Tea Party

The Revolutionary War Begins Patrick Henry- burgess from Virginia, gave the famous “Give me liberty or give me death!” speech Paul Revere- rode from Boston to Concord to warn the patriots that the British were coming (British were in route to confiscate the colonists’ guns.)

The Revolutionary War Begins Battle of Lexington and Concord- began the Revolutionary War John Adams- called for independence even if it meant going to war with Britain Second Continental Congress- drafted the Olive Branch Petition to King George III

The Revolutionary War Begins Prohibitory Act Declared colonists were in a state of rebellion Empowered royal officers and loyal subjects to “bring the traitors to justice”

Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Became the foundation for a new American government. Principles: All men are created equal All people have certain unalienable rights Government exists only by the consent of the governed Government must be changed if it becomes unjust

George Washington The Continental Congress named him Commander of the Continental Army He trained troops to fight the Revolutionary War at valley Forge Later served as the first President of the United States

Major Battles of the Revolutionary War Battle of Bunker Hill- British suffered heavy casualties even though Patriots ran out of ammunition Battle of Saratoga- British General Burgoyne surrendered his 5700 troops to the Patriots France decided to join the fight for the colonists independence from Britain

Major Battles of the Revolutionary War Battle of Cowpens- Nathaniel Greene led Patriot forces to victory over the British in South Carolina. Battle of Yorktown- French naval and army forces joined Washington at Yorktown to give a final blow to the British war effort. British General Cornwallis surrendered.

Treaty of Paris 1783 Britain recognized the independence of the United States as well as the border of the new nation The border extended to Canada in the north, to the Mississippi River in the west, to the northern border of Spanish Florida in the south, and to the Atlantic Ocean in the east.

Tecumseh Shawnee leader who organized Native American tribes to fight with the British in case of war with the US He was angry because settlers wanting to move west had been tricking or forcing Native Americans off their land.

War of 1812 The War of 1812- war from 1812- 1815 between the US and Britain with Native Americans helping on both sides Causes of the war Impressment of US sailors by the British and the French Napoleon agreed to stop conscripting US sailors for the French navy War hawks wanted to expand territory into Canada and Spanish Florida (British ally)

Battles in the War of 1812 Battle of Horseshoe Bend- Andrew Jackson, with the help of the Cherokee nation, defeated the Creeks (Allies of Tecumseh). Creeks gave up much of their land (present day AL and GA). Battle of Ft. McHenry- The British attacked here, but were defeated. Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star Spangled Banner” from the Baltimore Harbor the morning after the British bombardment.

Battles in the War of 1812 The Treaty of Ghent- Battle of New Orleans- The US and Great Britain negotiated to end the war. Battle of New Orleans- Andrew Jackson led the US troops against British troops The US suffered 71 casualties while the British suffered over 2000 casualties

War of 1812 Consequences of the War The US and Britain agreed to return their land boundaries to pre-war agreements Other European nations recognized the rights of the US as a nation Strong feelings of nationalism developed after the Battle of New Orleans Manufacturing industry grew in the US Congress passed the Tariff Act of 1816 to protect domestic industries from foreign competition