Chapter 16: Issues With The Gilded Age Section 1: Segregation and Social Tensions

VOCABULARY Jim Crow Laws Poll Tax Literacy Test Grandfather Clause Las Gorras Blancas Spoils System Civil Service Pendleton Civil Service Act Gold Standard Grange Populist System William McKinley Booker T. Washington Frederick Douglass Susan B. Anthony

People William McKinley- Booker T. Washington- Frederick Douglass- Susan B. Anthony-

Objectives Assess how whites created a segregated society in the South and how African Americans responded. Analyze efforts to limit immigration and the effects. Compare the situations of Mexican Americans and of women to those of other groups.

Terms and People Jim Crow laws – laws that kept blacks and whites segregated poll tax – a tax which voters were required to pay to vote literacy test – a test, given at the polls to see if a voter could read, used to disenfranchise black citizens grandfather clause – a law which allowed a person to vote only if his ancestors had voted prior to 1866, also used to disenfranchise black citizens

Terms and People (continued) Booker T. Washington – the most famous black leader during the late 19th century, he encouraged African Americans to build up their economic resources through hard work W.E.B. Du Bois – a black leader in the late 19th century who disagreed with Washington and argued that blacks should demand full and immediate equality Ida B. Wells – an African American teacher who bought a newspaper and embarked on a lifelong crusade against the practice of lynching 6

Terms and People (continued) Las Gorras Blancas – a group of Mexican Americans who protested their loss of land in the Southwest by targeting the property of large ranch owners

How did civil and political rights change after Reconstruction? Equal rights to African Americans during Reconstruction decreased during Gilded Age. Had a lasting impact on society in the United States.

Federal troops were removed from the South in 1876. poll taxes Ways in which blacks’ right to vote was restricted in the South: literacy tests grandfather clauses violence Segregation via Jim Crow laws became the norm, and blacks lost voting rights.

The many strategies used to keep black voters away from the polls were very effective.

Blacks lost their voting rights and faced segregation in the South and in the North. Jim Crow laws were upheld by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. African Americans refused to accept their status as 2nd class citizens.

Booker T. Washington was the most famous black leader of the late 19th century. Washington believed black citizens should build up their own economic resources through hard work. 12

Some disagreed with Booker T. Washington. W.E.B. Du Bois said blacks should demand full and equal rights. Another black leader was Ida B. Wells, who devoted her life to the crusade against lynching. 13

Las Gorras Blancas, a Mexican American group, fought for their rights by inflicting property damage on landowners and publishing grievances in their own newspaper. In the Southwest, Mexican Americans lost their land after the Mexican-American War, despite a treaty which guaranteed their property rights.

Chinese immigrants also faced racial prejudice in the West at this time. Some Chinese-Americans started their own businesses due to job discrimination.

Prior to the Civil War, women played a large role in reform movements, including the call to abolish slavery. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. Leaders wanted to further the rights of women and were disappointed when women were not included in the 14th and 15th Amendments.

Susan B. Anthony voted in an election in 1872 and was arrested. She toured the nation, delivering a powerful speech on the issue. Activists didn’t secure women’s suffrage during the 19th century. 17

Section 1 Assessment How were the rights of African Americans restricted? (Pg. 521-522) How did certain activists respond to the mistreatment of African Americans? (Pg. 522-523) What successes did women achieve in the years after Reconstruction? (Pg. 527) How did literacy tests prevent people from being able to vote? (Pg. 521)

Jim Crow Laws restricted rights; voter discrimination; etc. They protested/stood up for the rights of African Americans Right to vote (suffrage); National Women Suffrage Association NWSA forms; etc. Those who couldn’t pass the test with limited literacy skills couldn’t vote