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What is Electrostatics? Electric charges, electric fields, and the forces between them Static electricity is the build up of charges at rest upon an object. Objects become charged when they lose or gain electrons.

A little Chem (or is it Physics) lesson The particles that compose atoms: -Protons -Neutrons -Electrons Particle: Charge: Relative Mass: Location: Proton Positive (+) big Nucleus of the atom Neutron Neutral (+/-) Electron Negative (-) Teeny tiny Orbit around the nucleus

Electrons They are the only particles that MOVE around! Electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom. Electrons in some materials move more easily than electrons in other materials The movement of electrons is what we call electricity.

The Charge of Objects Neutral objects have a balanced amount of Positive and Negative charges. When an object GAINS electrons it has a net negative charge. When an object LOSES electrons it has a net positive charge.

Static Electricity Static Electricity is the build-up of charges upon an object. The spark was the electrons moving from your hand to the doorknob!

Conservation of Charge Since matter is neither created nor destroyed, electrons are neither created nor destroyed, simply TRANSFERRED.

Fundamental Rules of Charge Interaction Like charges repel!! Opposite (unlike) charges attract!

Polarization unpolarized polarized Polarization is the process of ____________________ opposite charges within an object. Polarization is the process of ____________________ opposite charges within an object. Polarization is the process of ____________________ opposite charges within an object. Polarization is the process of ____________________ opposite charges within an object. unpolarized Polarization Polarization is the process of separating charges within an object. polarized

Methods to Charge Objects Friction: Electrons are rubbed off one object and onto another. Conduction: Once contact is made, electrons flow from one object to the other. Induction: A charged object comes NEAR a neutral one and charges are rearranged (polarized).

Interactions of Charged Objects Balloon sticking to a wall: The charges in the wall are polarized Electroscope: (The electroscope Is charged by Conduction)

Interactions of Charged Objects Bending water:

Interactions of Charged Objects Paper pieces sticking to a charged comb:

Coulomb’s Law 18. The amount of Electric Force between two charged objects depends on the distance between them. 19. If the charge increases, the force increases. If the distance increases, the force decreases.

Conductors Conductors allow electric charge to flow easily through them. Examples: Copper, Aluminum, Iron, Gold, Silver

Insulators 21. Electrons are not free to wander about. Insulators are poor conductors of electricity. Examples: Rubber, Plastic, Wood, Glass, Air

Induction! 22. Charge 2 spheres on insulating stands: 9999.

Induction! 22. Charge 2 spheres on insulating stands: 9999.

Induction! 22. Charge 2 spheres on insulating stands: 9999.

Induction! 22. Charge 2 spheres on insulating stands: 9999.

Induction! 22. Charge 2 spheres on insulating stands: 9999.

Electric Fields 23. The force field that surrounds an electric charge. 24. Give an example of a force we can’t see.

Electric Field Lines 25. Electric field lines of a single charge 26. Electric Field Lines of 2 Opposite Charges: