THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Chapter 5 Lesson 2

American entrepreneurs had invested $50 million in sugar cane plantations and other ventures in Cuba (Growing Market/Unstable). Cuban patriot Jose Marti launched a war for independence from Spain. Guerrilla Tactics: Hit and Run Raids Attacked U.S. plantations in order to get America involved Spanish General Valeriano Weyler: sent thousands of Cubans to concentration camps Ten of thousand died from starvation/disease. Causes of the War Economic Interests

Yellow Press: Newspapers that used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories in order to promote readership. Joseph Pulitzer – New York World William Randolph Hearst – New York Journal Told about Spanish atrocities and compared Cuban rebels to the patriots of the American Revolution. Causes of the War Yellow Press

*USS Maine - exploded in Havana harbor (266). America blamed Spain. De Lome Letter Enrique Dupuy de Lome, Spain’s ambassador to Washington, D.C. wrote a letter that was stolen by Cuban rebels. Letter called President McKinley a weak and stupid politician. Hearst published the letter in the Journal – “worst insult in American history” *USS Maine - exploded in Havana harbor (266). America blamed Spain. “Remember the Maine and to hell with Spain!” Congress declares war – April 19, 1898 Causes of the War Failure of Diplomacy The Teller Amendment – Prior to war, the U.S. promised it could not take possession of Cuba

U.S. Commander – Commodore George Dewey surprised the Spanish fleet that was stationed at the Spanish held Philippines (Manila Bay) Defeated the Spanish Navy without losing any American lives Theodore Roosevelt organized and commanded this cavalry unit. Rugged Westerners/Upper-class Easterners/football players, policemen, cowboys, ex-cons Relished “strenuous life” Helped win the Battles for Kettle and San Juan Hill in Santiago, Cuba Two days after the Battle of San Juan Hill, the Spanish surrendered Major Fighting Rough Riders

Teddy Roosevelt – Rough Riders

Treaty of Paris (Dec. 1898) – ended the Spanish-American War Casualties = 3,000 Americans died in the war, but only 380 died in combat. Most from disease: Malaria/Yellow Fever Obsolete Weapons, Heavy Wool Uniforms, Corrupt Officials, Rotting/Contaminated Food Spanish-American War John Hay (Secretary of State) referred to it as a “Splendid Little War”.

2)Spain gave up control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam. 1)The Treaty of Paris: Signed by Spain and the U.S. in December 1898. Ended the War. 2)Spain gave up control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam. 3)Sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million. 4)U.S. had an empire and new stature in world affairs. Spanish-American War Effects of the War

Americans Debate Imperialism Cuba The Platt Amendment - Established Cuba as a U.S. protectorate – heavy U.S. influence in Cuba The Philippines Purchased from Spain for $20 million McKinley said U.S. should rule – educate and civilize Filipinos If U.S. were to give up Philippines, other European Nations would control Access to trade in China Anti-Imperialists League: “open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our government” William Jennings Bryan/Mark Twain Americans Debate Imperialism

Writing Response Answer the following questions in paragraph form 1) What were the short and long term causes of the Spanish-American War? 2) Why was the Spanish-American War referred to as a “Splendid Little War?” 3) How did the U.S. expand its role in world affairs with its victory in the Spanish-American War?