Acids and Bases Bundle 4: Water

WARM UP 10/31/18 The chart below describes three solid solutes dissolved in water in various conditions. 1. Which of these solutes will dissolve in water the most? 2. Why is what dissolves in water and how substances dissolve in water important to know and understand in the real world?

How does Water dissolve an ionic compound like salt? Watch the following video and write down your observations

How do water molecules separate the ions in salt? Table Talk – 1 minute Question: How do water molecules separate the ions in salt? Answer: electrical attraction Because Water is polar! The Water Molecules are BREAKING THE IONIC BONDS between the anion and cation in the salt crystals. This occurs because water has charged ends so the positive end of a water molecule is attracted to the negative chlorine ion, and the negative end of a water molecule is attracted to the Positive sodium ion.

Solubility What is solubility? the MAXIMUM amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure. Where on this graph would NaCl be saturated? Anywhere on the NaCl line would be saturated. Where on this graph would NH3 be supersaturated? Anywhere ABOVE the NH3 line would be supersaturated. Where on this graph would NaNO3 be unsaturated? Anywhere BELOW the NaNO3 line would be unsaturated.

What is an Acid? An acid is any species that donates H+ ions (hydrogen ions), thus increasing the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

pH is a measure of H+ ion concentration 0 – 6.9 pH is Acidic 7 = neutral solution

Acid Excess H+ pH below 7 Low pH = Strong Acid (more H+)

What is a Base? A base is any species that donates OH- ions (hydroxide ions), thus increasing the concentration of OH- ions in a solution

Base Excess OH- pH 7.1-14 High pH = Strong Base (more OH-)

Litmus Test

Neutralization When an Acid and a base combine, they become neutralized. When a solution has become neutralized, there are the same amount of H+ and OH- ions in a solution. The byproduct of neutralization is salt and water H+ OH-

What have you learned? Is this solution more Acidic or more Basic or Neutral? How do you know?

What have you learned? Is this solution more Acidic or more Basic or Neutral? How do you know?

What have you learned? Is this solution more Acidic or more Basic or Neutral? How do you know?