Phones up and be ready for notes!

Warm Up: In one or two sentences, describe what each picture depicts. How are they similar? How are they different? How might technology have impacted their movement?

Late 19th century migrations Westward Expansion and Urbanization

Here are the questions I used last year with the map- some questions about the major cities are in order here too What would it take for you and your family to pick up and move? Why would people want to move west during the 1860s-1880s? What might be some obstacles pioneers faced? What about Native Americans? What might be some consequences of moving westward? Other than west, where are other people settling? -or- where is population growing even more quickly? Why?

Recap Civil War ended in 1865 Northeastern cities booming Union won, Confederacy lost Reconstruction to Jim Crow South was poor and rural Poor whites and blacks stuck sharecropping Laws to prevent black Americans from voting Resentment and racism Northeastern cities booming Industry thrived during war Cities = main economic centers Crowded What happens with ppl crowded together?

Urban Centers {mostly} in the North and East Industrial revolution Raw materials, labor, money Where are they going to get those raw materials? Who is going to do the work? How are they going to get the money to start up? “Captains of Industry” Immigrants Old vs New Why are they coming? Nativism Rapid Urbanization {Some}Cities without a plan

Examples of “new” immigrants General outlook on the US?

Effects of urbanization Increase in population Jobs attract people Unregulated businesses + high population density = pollution Access to technology Consumerism Mass media Extreme wealth and extreme poverty

Westward Expansion- Why? As early as 1865- Homestead Act Gov’t selling off pieces of land with stipulations Encourage settlement on the frontier, get people out of cities MONEY! Mining boom towns Gold in that them thar hills! Raw materials for industries Wheat = gold Dig up the grasslands and put a farm on it Space Grazing lands for cattle Beef, it’s what’s for dinner And yes, Manifest Destiny Homestead act- most stipulate living on land for 10 years, build a well and a road, 160 acres for 10 bucks Several homestead acts (and some specifically for black Americans to found black communities in Missouri)

Effects of western expansion Boom towns Mining Connections Railroads Chinese and Irish immigrants Time zones Cattle industry Cowboy culture Open range then introduction of barbed wire Conflict Idea of land ownership clashed with Mexicans and Native Americans living in the frontier

Make sure to bring up the powerful connecting force of western expansion and technology.

Group Brainstorm time! Westward pull Westward push Urban push Urban pull Impact of Westward expansion Impact of Urbanization How did both impact and/or influence each other?