SOCI 1010 Day 6 December 22, 2011 December 26 – January 1

Agenda What is Kwanzaa? Types of Societies Begin Culture

Kwanzaa Kwanzaa is not a religious holiday, nor is it meant to replace Christmas. It was created by Dr. Maulana "Ron" Karenga, a professor of Black Studies, in 1966. At this time of great social change for African Americans, Karenga sought to design a celebration that would honor the values of ancient African cultures and inspire African Americans who were working for progress.

Each of the seven days of Kwanzaa honors a different principle Each of the seven days of Kwanzaa honors a different principle. These principles are believed to have been key to building strong, productive families and communities in Africa. Read more: Kwanzaa: History, Food, Colors, Candles, Symbols, Activites, Crafts, 7 Principles — Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/spot/kwanzaa1.html#principles#ixzz1hDrUUzSy

Kwanzaa Principles Unity Self-Determination Collective work and responsibility Cooperative Economics Sense of Purpose Creativity Faith

umoja (oo-MOH-ja) Meaning: unity Action: building a community that holds together kujichagulia (koo-jee-cha-goo-LEE-yah) Meaning: self-determination Action: speaking for yourself and making choices that benefit the community ujima (oo-JEE-mah) Meaning: collective work and responsibility Action: helping others within the community ujamaa (oo-JAH-ma) Meaning: cooperative economics Action: supporting businesses that care about the community nia (nee-AH) Meaning: a sense of purpose Action: setting goals that benefit the community kuumba (koo-OOM-bah) Meaning: creativity Action: making the community better and more beautiful imani (ee-MAH-nee) Meaning: faith Action: believing that a better world can be created for communities now and in the future

Discuss research ethics in Krippendorf’s Tribe

Ethical Considerations Do not harm the subjects Informed consent before participation Do not coerce participation Do not deceive participants or sponsors Use ethical means of data collection Report results accurately From beginning to end in this process, it is essential to operate in the most ethical way possible. The researcher’s integrity must be above question. First and foremost, the study should do no harm -- physically, psychologically, reputationally, socially, etc. Before agreeing to be a part of the study, participants have the right to all information that would be needed to make an informed decision. In a prison study in England in the 1950’s, subjects were relieved from their regular prison duties and paid more than twice as much as their regular prison pay for participation. They were told that they would be injected with “some cell” and then would be given regular blood tests to see if the cells multiplied in their bodies. They would be allowed to read, play cards, etc. in the prison hospital unit and if they did not like the study, could return to their regular jobs and routines. Many volunteered. At no time were the words cancer or leukemia used in the information provided to prospective subjects; but that is what the “cells” were. Once injected with cancer, how can on quit the study and return to regular prison life? Notes continue on the next slide.

Societies and the Major Social Revolutions

What is a Society? A group of people who share a culture and a territory Example - United States

Hunting and Gathering Societies Simplest type People rely on vegetation and game Small (25-40 people) Nomadic Most egalitarian of all societies

Societies Branched in One of Two Directions Key to first branching is pasture - Pastoral Societies are based on pasturing of animals. Key to second branching is horticulture - Horticulture Societies are based on the cultivation of plants by the use of hand tools.

Pastoral Societies Based on the pasturing of animals Developed in arid areas Remained nomadic

Horticultural Societies Societies in which people plant gardens for subsistence. No longer having to abandon an area as the food supply gave out, these groups developed permanent settlements.

The Agricultural Revolution Occurred about five or six thousand years ago Ushered in by invention of the plow, marking large-scale agricultural production possible, and leading to agrarian societies.

Agrarian Societies Based on agriculture More efficient - huge surplus More complex division of labor Considerable inequality Cities develop Rapid population growth

The Industrial Revolution Began around 1764 Third major social revolution Ushered in by invention of steam engine

Industrial Societies Rely on machines powered by fuels Increased efficiency of production Greater surplus Rapid population increase Inequality increased at first; later wealth more widely shared

The Information Revolution Emerging new social revolution ushered in by computer chip

Postindustrial Societies Dominated by information, services, and high technology more than the production of goods United States was 1st country to have over half of its work force employed in service industries. Http://web.missouri.edu/~socbrent/timeline.htm

Chaco Canyon http://www.nps.gov/chcu/photosmultimedia/index.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-d97-TytNnE&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sS73UpIy7zs&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRnn7bQh6Zg&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVQ9mOXuFJM

Assignment Next class – Chaco Legacy Read Chapter 2