FLIP LEARNING The work due for today is… TASKS: Due today: Create a profile of Thomas Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell. Your profile should also contain points relating to: Religion Key actions/ achievements Controversies Relationship with Henry Due on Thursday/Friday! Your revision poster based on one of the 6 key questions for Henry VII The work due for today is… TASK: With your partner share your information about Wolsey and Cromwell and add any information you have missing in green pen. Also read through pages 46-48 and add any extra information on Wolsey. Also, read the section ‘Duke of Buckingham’ on page 48, what does say about the type of person Wolsey was. On your white board come up with a word to summarise Wolsey.

Ostentatious Hampton Court Jay Z and Beyoncé bedroom

In what ways and how effectively was England governed under Henry VIII? Good learning: Understand how government changed under Wolsey Great learning: Explain what the ‘Kings Great Matter’ was and how it lead to the downfall of Wolsey Even better: Evaluate how much change there was under Wolsey Key Words: Ostentatious Great Matter In what ways and how effectively was England governed during this period? How important was the role of key individuals and groups and how were they affected by developments?

Henry VIII’s aims From last lesson, can you remember Henry VIII’s key aims when he comes on to the throne? To establish his status amongst the European monarchs through marriage To re-establish the role of the nobility To establish himself as a warrior king through success in battle. Question: Do you think those aims will have remained the same throughout his reign? Explain your answer. The first 5 years of his reign saw him secure his marriage, his coronation and a victory over the Scots. For better or worse, he destroyed his father’s legacy through warfare and extravagance. Henry certainly exhibited ruthlessness and cynicism (show through his treatment of Empson and Dudley). This was a trait that remained throughout his reign. His resort to execution for treason, often on the flimsiest of charges, combined with tyranny and insecurity in a way that completely overshadowed those positive qualities as seen in the younger king. He also demonstrated impulsiveness in his speed to marry, not only with Catherine but also Anne of Cleaves and Catherine Howard. This impulsiveness can also be seen elsewhere, such as the decision to execute Thomas Cromwell (which he appears to regret). When combined with the sort of naivety demonstrated in his approach to foreign policy, the consequences would be potentially devastating.

‘Henry’s government transformed in the early years of his reign’ What happened to the Government in the early years of Henry VIII? Before we look at specific policies and reforms, we need to think about how the governing system worked under Henry VIII. Unlike his father, Henry took a more ‘hands-off’ approach and left Wolsey with the day-to-day control of government. However that was not the only thing that changed. TASK: Read through your sheet ‘Government under Henry VIII: Early Years’ and make a decision on the following statement: ‘Henry’s government transformed in the early years of his reign’ Draw the continuum below and mark the degree of change you think there was. You will then need to write a PEEL paragraph with your answer. Continuity Change

TASK: Use pp.46-48 to add notes about Cardinal Wolsey in green pen Thomas Wolsey: Rise to Power TASK: Use pp.46-48 to add notes about Cardinal Wolsey in green pen Early years Education Henry’s Court Rise to Office Personality

What happened to the government under Wolsey? TASK: Using the information on pages 51-53 I would like you to copy and complete the following mind map. I would like you to give detail on each and also rate Wolsey’s performance out of 10. Wolsey and Government Legal reforms Financial reforms Economic Reforms Parliament Challenge: Successes and limitations in each area Who would criticise Wolsey and why? Who would benefit from Wolsey’s reforms? To what extent? In which area was he most/least successful and why?

What happened to the government under Wolsey? Legal Reforms As Lord Chancellor, Wolsey was responsible for overseeing the legal system. AIM: Tackle problem of slow and unfair delivery of justice. Promote civil law (based on nature and evidence), rather than common law (past cases). Star Chamber at the centre of his plans. Used more frequently than under Henry VII to attack nobles and local officials who abused their power. The number of cases being heard increased from 12 to 120 (reputation of being a friend to the poor). Championed laws against enclosures. Used Court of Requests to hear cases from the poor. Met in Whitehall and not where the king was. Popular = low cost of bringing a case + decisions reached quickly. Clashed between justice for all and his own interests. Not a trained lawyer ((resented by those who were) HE DID NOT SEEK TO SET UP A NEW SYSTEM = reforms were not likely to continue after him. Wasn’t necessarily tackling the whole issue.

What happened to the government under Wolsey? Financial Reforms Shortage of money was a serious problem due to his aims with foreign policy (unlike his father). Existing forms of finance could not be further exploited (i.e. ordinary and extraordinary revenue). 1522: Survey to find out who could and couldn’t pay tax. First systematic investigation into national finances since the Doomsday survey. He then used this to gain about £200,000 in forced loans in 1522-23. (though still not enough – inflation and foreign policy) 1523: Wolsey then proposed a subsidy (that was based on income rather than property). Also levied a tax on the Church, but still didn’t raise as much as he hoped. 1525: ‘Amicable Grant’ (tax on ordinary taxpayers of between 1/6 and 1/10 of the value of the goods they owned and was 1/3 for the clergy). They had 10 weeks to find the money, but caused uproar and widespread resistance. Exemptions to the tax given, but more regions demanded this too =, which meant that Henry had to suspend it. Embarrassing for both Henry and Wolsey.

What happened to the government under Wolsey? Economic Policies Wanted to tackle the problem of enclosures (better position than Henry VII to do so). 1517: began a national enquiry to find out how much land was enclosed = legal cases were then drawn up against landlords who had enclosed land without proper permission. 1523: Opposition from landowners in Parliament forced him to suspend the enquiry until 1526. Late 1520s: Foreign policy disrupted trade due to the alliance with France against Spain. Little money to fight = embargo against Spain. Bad effect on the cloth trade + 1527 poor harvest = widespread unemployment & big price rises. Price rises also due to recoinage. Increased number of coins in circulation, but decreased the amount of silver in them (debasement of the coinage). Stimulated exports. Late 1520s: Economic depression + price rises = suffering amongst the poor and therefore riots had to be quashed in the spring of 1528.

The work due in for next lesson is as follows: FLIP LEARNING Create a cartoon strip that tells the story of how ‘the King’s Great Matter’ came about, what happened and the downfall of Wolsey using the information on pages 58-60 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHHqMfTrRwU&list=PLYOaFvSd0bB2p3vzLnJSETk-jypqfhUpY&index=3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muiOhwawOYg watch from 5.59 Find out what the following are: The Act in Restraint of Appeals The Act of Supremacy The Act of Succession The Treason Act The work due in for next lesson is as follows:

Overall, how much change was there to Government under Wolsey? Not very much A lot Historiography of Wolsey Pg. 77???

What was the ‘King’s Great Matter’? The King’s Great Matter: concerned the annulment of Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon and his desires to marry Anne Boleyn; this was a complex situation which would ultimately lead to England’s break from the Catholic Church. The problems over resolving ‘the King’s Great Matter’ led in the short term the downfall of Wolsey and in the longer term to the establishment of the royal supremacy. This was brought about under the direction of Wolsey’s successor as chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, from 1532 by Parliament. TASK: Create a cartoon strip that tells the story of how ‘the King’s Great Matter’ came about, what happened and the downfall of Wolsey using the information on pages 58-60 and the video clips. (TIP: read through, make a list of what will be in each box, divide up sheet and complete) You will then need to explain how it led to the downfall of Wolsey in 1529. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHHqMfTrRwU&list=PLYOaFvSd0bB2p3vzLnJSETk-jypqfhUpY&index=3 Starkey on Great Matter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQvsy2YFjJw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muiOhwawOYg watch from 5.59 re Wolsey’s attempts to gain a divorce and rise of Anne Boleyn ( alternative to Starkey)