Chinggis/Genghis Khan (r. 1206-27)

Khanate of the Golden Horde Chaghatay Khanate Il-Khanate Great Khanate of China and Mongolia

Khanate of the Golden Horde a.k.a. Qipchaq Tatars Saray

1257-67 Reign of Berke, who converts to Islam 1313-41 Reign of Uzbeg, who converts to Islam, suppresses pagan priests and founds New Saray 1359 Civil war breaks out in Khanate of the Golden Horde 1377 Toqtamish takes control, comes into conflict with Timur Lang

Il-Khanate, founded by Hulagu (d. 1265), who became Il-Khan

1265 Death of Hulagu heralds conflict among Mongol nobility of Il-Khanate 1295-1304 Reign of Ghazan, who converts to Islam and orders destruction of churches, synagogues and Buddhist temples Tabriz 1304-16 Reign of Uljaytu, who builds new capital at Sultaniya 1335 Death of Abu Sa‘id (r. 1316-35) followed by civil war and fragmentation of Il-Khanate

Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13)

Chaghatay Khanate, named after Chaghatay From Transoxiana to Xinjiang, incl. Tarim Basin Bukhara Kebek (r. 1318-26) Uighurs

1326-34 Reign of Tarmashirin, who converts from Buddhism to Islam and imposes faith on nobility 1327 Nobility rebel against Tarmashirin 1334 Khanate divided into Moghulistan in north-east and Transoxiana, which degenerates into fragmented region riven with internal conflict

Great Khanate of China and Mongolia Yuan dynasty 1350s Chinese hostility to Mongols turns into series of religiously-based rebellions 1368 Yuan rulers overthrown. Foundation of Ming dynasty