Life in the New World

Spain Location: California to South America Called the Five Provinces Most important – New Spain (Mexico) & Peru Government: Council of Indies Viceroy Audiencias (advisory councils of Spanish settlers)

Let’s get it together people….. Religion: Catholic Church – key role for converting the Natives Authority – royal officials Franciscan & Jesuit missionaries

Its all about the money, money, money!!! Economy Mercantilism – the idea that in order for a country to become powerful, that country needs to control the goods and money How? You ask? Through controlling the raw materials as well as the finished products

Colonies could ONLY export goods (raw materials) to Spain Buy ONLY Spanish manufactured goods NO trade allowed with any other European country or other colonies including other Spanish colonies

Goods included sugar cane (molasses & rum) Plantations needed workers This means SLAVES

Who is going to do the work? Encomiendas Bartolome deLas Casas – priest who fought against the use of Natives as slaves “New Law of the Indies” (1542) – forbid the use of Natives as slave but made them “peons” – people who work for very little pay This led to introducing Africans as slaves in the “New World”.

Society: Peninsulares – born in Spain Creoles – American born from Spanish descent Mestizos – mixed descent of Spanish (European) and Natives Mulattoes – mixed descent of Spanish (European) and Africans

Cities – high population Center of government, commerce, culture

Education: Universities (University of Mexico – 1551) Built by Catholic Churches Women not allowed – convents established instead of schools for girls

Portugal Location: Brazil Government: Similar to Spanish Economy: Focused on woods & dye Stayed by the coast Focused on fishing Forced Natives and Africans to work as slaves

France Location: Newfoundland, Canada Called “New France” 1608 – 1st settlement (Champlain) in Quebec Eventually spread from the Great Lakes down the Mississippi River to Louisiana (Gulf of Mexico)

Who’s got the power? Government: King Louis XIV needed money Appointed officials to keep control over settlements Sent settlers and soldiers Prohibited Protestants from settling

Beliefs and Money……perfect together Religion: Catholicism Economy: Started out as farmers but became fishermen, fur trappers and traders

English Location: North America (13 original colonies from Maine to Georgia) 1607 – 1st settlement (Jamestown) VA 1620 – 2nd settlement (Plymouth) MA Both survived with help from the Natives Some settled for religious purposes while others for commercial profit

Government Royal governors (appointed by the King) Regulation of colonial trade Allowed more self-government than other colonies Representative assemblies (propertied men) made local decisions

Economy Goods included: Tobacco, rice, cotton Plantations needed workers = SLAVES Trade allowed with other countries NOT just England (at first)

Netherlands Fought with England, Spain & France for colonies Lost to England in 1664 New Netherlands became New York Controlled Caribbean Islands with sugar plantations