EMERGENCY WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel (HSSP) Workshops on Standardization for Emergency Communications and for Citizen Readiness Schaumburg, IL USA December 1, 2004 Bernard Malone III 501-821-7650 blmalone@lucent.com Representative - Wireless Emergency Response Team (WERT) Technical Manager - Lucent Technologies Mobility Team Member – American Radio Relay League Thank You Good Afternoon Ladies & Gentlemen - MY Privilege to SPEAK to you today

OUTLINE WERT and World Trade Center experience Concepts for future Emergency Wireless Communications support Primary Focus today -- to share thoughts I hope begin DISCUSSION on future concepts on USE of Wireless Tech in EMER WIR COMM specifically – DIRECT use SEARCH & RESCUE TO DO THIS 1. share quick SUMMARY – EXPER. - W E R T @ WTC 2. Then, a little INFORMATIVE BACKGRD that led to WERT and – there is important observation I will HIGHLIGHT. . . 3. Then, talk briefly – thoughts for FUTURE CONCEPTs December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

WERT Mission The Wireless Emergency Response Team was established on the night of September 11, 2001 to provide coordinated wireless industry mutual aid support for Search and Rescue efforts at the World Trade Center rubble. The Wireless Emergency Response Team was established on the night of September 11, 2001 to provide coordinated wireless industry mutual aid support for Search and Rescue efforts at the World Trade Center rubble. December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

WERT WTC Summary Statistics No survivors were found 33 organizations participated 250+ industry subject matter experts participated An additional ~500 volunteers staffed the Public Call Center 5,039 calls received in the WERT Public Call Center 120 reports of a missing person’s use of a cell phone or pager from the rubble 134 Key Learnings 23 Recommendations You see here some statistics from the effort Final Report: www.wert-help.org/ December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

WERT Participating Organizations Arch Wireless Argonne National Labratory AT&T AT&T Wireless BellSouth CTIA Cingular Interactive EDO Corporation Ericsson FCC Lucent Technologies Metrocall Motorola NCS NCC NRSC NRIC Nextel NYPD NYC Mayor’s Office Nortel Networks PCIA SkyTel Sprint PCS Telcordia Technologies TruePosition U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Marshals Service, ESU U.S. Secret Service Verizon Verizon Wireless VoiceStream Wheat International Many organizations participated. They represented service providers, equipment suppliers and gov’t agencies. This was a complex support mission. But it was effective because of the close cooperation between organizations and WERT leadership. December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Wireless Emergency Response Team Locations Operations Wireless Emergency Response Team Locations TWO things to point out ? WERT found it useful to ORGANIZE into 5 subTEAMS This chart shows the 5 teams and locations You see all the SUPPORT this REQUIRED It took 4 sub-teams to support the 1 GZL sub-team [ explain Team functions ] There was very close coordination of the teams. A 911 emergency call could be visible at a control center in Seattle, Washington before it was answered in New York. Coordination Command Center Network Surveillance & Analysis Public Call Center Service Provider Intelligence Ground Zero Locating December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Approach Mission of the Coordination Command Center was to Provide leadership for the entire team Coordinate with authorities Manage media interfaces Facilitate intra-team communications Mission of the Network Surveillance & Analysis Sub Team was to Look for any activity on call center list. Registration, Calls, or Text Messaging activity, Proactively screen 911 calls for false alarms. Identify cell site of 911 call. Look at call and registration history. The role of the Coordination Command Center was to provide overall leadership and interface with authorities and media. The role of the Network Surveillance & Analysis Sub Team was to monitor activity from registrations, calls or text messaging. They also screened 911 calls for false alarms and identified cell sites of 911 calls. They could screen text messages for “help” or “SOS” in different languages. Pass false alarms to law enforcement. Translation: December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Approach (continued) Mission of the Service Provider Intelligence Sub Team provide rapid response database lookup information: associating service provider names, switch addresses, and tandem homing arrangement information with cellular phone numbers The role of the Service Provider Intelligence Sub Team was to perform database searches to relate service providers, switches and cell phone numbers. Two service providers accounted for a large number of cell phone numbers. Translation: December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Approach (continued) Mission of the Public Call Center was to Off load calls from 911 command center and other government entities Receive calls and collect information about potentially trapped survivors Obtain cell and pager numbers for missing persons The role of the Public Call Center was to collect information about potentially trapped survivors from callers, offload calls from the 911 center and interface with other teams. Translation: December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Approach (continued) The Mission of the Ground Zero Locating Sub Team is to . . . aid and assist in the location of and communication with trapped survivors who possess a variety of wireless personal equipment. There is a high probability that victims will have access to some sort of wireless device (e.g. phone, pager, FOB, etc.). This provides a unique opportunity for passive remote location and establishing a wireless link for remote communication The role of the Ground Zero Locating Sub Team was to assist with the location of and communication with trapped survivors who might possess a wireless device. This was a complex effort involving world class expertise on site and in the labs from many companies and agencies. Translation: December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Key Learnings - Examples What Worked Well high commitment of professionals/organizations in mutual aid pre-established federal coordination function of NCC ability to conduct rapid research Adapted fraud, billing and trouble shooting tools to quickly screen call center list and 911 calls. Provided guidelines via text messages for preserving battery life Provide extended network coverage into debris field using RF. repeaters, autonomous basestations, and basestation simulators. Key Learnings The WERT Final Report contains Key Learnings. Some are: High commitment by professionals Pre-established federal coordination with NCC helpful Adapted existing tools helpful Use of text messaging for preserving battery life Extend network coverage into debris field Translation: December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Key Learnings - Examples Areas for Improvement and Further Investigation pre-defined processes, definitions and templates broad language translation capabilities guidelines for communication with a trapped survivor between detection and location special instructions for 911 centers for handling wireless callers Handling 911 calls from a 3rd party Identifying Search and Rescue mobile phones Use of text messaging to communicate with a victim Would the techniques learned work in another disaster scenario The possible addition of an emergency mode for mobile equipment with extreme low-power and location beacons Key Learnings – Examples The WERT Final Report contains some areas for improvement and further investigation regarding processes, language translation, communication guidelines, special instructions for call center teams and more. Translation: December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Final Report Subject Matter Widely Reviewed Describes Approaches Used Systematically reviews Key Learnings What Worked Well - Areas for Improvement - Areas Requiring Further Investigation Presents Recommendations Widely Reviewed U.S. FCC NRIC V, FEMA Emergency Response Teams, NENA COM CITEL (Ecuador, Brazil) ETSI EMTEL (France), Italy, Germany Networking Conferences IEEE COMSOC: GLOBECOM’01, ICC’02, CQR Workshop 2002, Japan Network Security Seminar Available to Public: www.wert-help.org The WERT Final Report describes the approaches used and contains reviews of key learnings and recommendations. It has been widely review around the world and translated into many languages. It is available on a public internet website. Translation: USA Asia Europe South America December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

“Take Away's” Keep rescue teams from danger by quickly discrediting false reports Assuring the public - both here and abroad - that all known technological approaches are being used to listen for any cellular or pager communication being sent Documented Key Learnings and Recommendations in the WERT Final Report being studied so that this capability can be enhanced and optimized WERT is established as an ongoing capability – can be called on by the NCS or FEMA 7 days/week, 24 hours/day Take-Away Messages Can keep rescue teams from danger Assuring the public Key Learnings and Recommendations have been documented so they may be enhanced WERT is established as ongoing capability Thank You Translation: December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

OUTLINE WERT and World Trade Center experience Concepts for future Emergency Wireless Communications support So after experience working with W E R T. . . . . Here are thoughts in AREA of EMERGENCY WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Emergency Communications Preferred access to public networks by officials Dedicated emergency networks for First Responders Inter-working with public networks Interoperability among agencies’ networks Amateur Radio support of communications E911 emergency communications – for victims Extended communications with victims beyond coverage boundaries ? Citizen-to-Citizen ? Consider these areas of CURRENT INTEREST (LIST) First 5 – have to do with officials & agencies Communicating with one another We even have amateur radio in this role Then, of course, we have E 911 more oriented -- to communicating with victims . . . . But, for E911 to work MUST be in working coverage area There was NO working coverage area 7 stories below WTC POINT IS -- may not be wireless coverage at disasters…. So maybe – ANOTHER area of EMER WIR CoMM for STUDY December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Concept: The Rescue Network Some ability to communicate with disaster victims anywhere GOAL: To communicate with and locate victims Critical when out of coverage area or surrounding network damage Effectively ‘Extend’ the reach of wireless network communications Capabilities may be permanent or temporary Highly portable, quickly deployable, quickly provision-able Combination of hardware, software, operating techniques Network and mobile device THAT IS -- ability to communicate with EMERGENCY victims in DISASTER Think of sort of a ‘RESCUE NETWORK’ . . . .ability to communicate / locate This is what was ATTEMPTED at WTC To put it - MORE GENERAL TERMS -- Here might be some characteristics - LIST slide INTENT – NOT to get into SPECIFICS But to consider another area of study - EMER WLSS COMM w/ victims AFFORDABILITY will have impact – will be considered in technical developmnt PURPOSE today -- is simply -- to highlight this AREA December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Reference www.wert-help.org/ Wireless Emergency Response Team www.arrl.org American Radio Relay League www3.interscience.wiley.com/ Bell Labs Technical Journal (Wiley InterScience) www.citizencorps.gov/ Department of Homeland Security Citizen Corps In CLOSING - Thank you for letting me share thoughts How we use our national resources (for knowledge & inspiration ) Can be useful And PRIMARILY my focus today. . . . . The concept of some kind of ‘RESCUE NETWORK’ Ability to communicate with victims in an emergency disaster I HOPE our INDUSTRY continues the discussion on ways to Leverage technology to effectively EXTEND the REACH Of our networks for use in SEARCH & RESCUE scenarios. THANK YOU Thank You ! December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Backup Many experts GAIN great technical knowledge because of the commercial WIRELESS business we are in. And, that is indeed necessary and fantastic. But there is another element that I found to be important when we talk about Emergency Wireless Communications. -- Practical experience and understanding of disaster support needs. I participated with W E R T in support of the Wireless S&R at WTC in 2001 I was inspired to get involved because of TWO THINGS: 1) commercial work – Lucent – cellular/PCS industry 2) volunteer work with disaster support orgs and amateur Radio Commercial involvement - SELF Explanatory Much of my life – partic. volunteer work – COMMs. Supp. For DISAS+EMER Working with RED CROSS & CIVIL DEFENSE We have National Resoucre – source of training & Inspiration for me RESOURCE we can leverage -- here is BREIF overview of Amateur Radio December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Amateur Radio . . . . A voluntary noncommercial communication service, used by qualified persons of any age who are interested in radio technique with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest. Regulated by FCC under Communications Act of 1934 License structure – Beginner to Expert Among it’s Purposes: Recognition of value in providing emergency communications support Advancement of the radio art Expansion of pool of trained operators, technicians, electronics experts Promotion of International Goodwill Voluntary NON-commercial comm. Service . . . . Regulated by FCC – Comm. Act 1934 License structure -- beginner to EXPERT Among it’s PURPOSES Recog. Value – emergency comm. Support ADVANCEMENT of RADIO ART Expansion of pool …… Promotion Intn’l GOODWILL December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Amateur Radio Over 680,000 Licensed Amateurs in U.S. Operating privileges from 1.8 Mhz - 24 Ghz Operate communications networks for fun and community service Communications volunteers with local Public Safety Organizations Active: When regular communications infrastructure damaged or overloaded To provide interoperability among agencies Through coordinated organizations & affiliations Over 680,000 Licensed AMATEURs in U.S. Operating Privileges from 1.8 Mhz to 24 Ghz Operate Networks for FUN & community SERVICE Often – are communications volunteers w/ Pub Safety Orgs Active WHEN: Reg. Communications DAMAGED or OVERLOADED to provide Inter-Operability among agencies Through coordinated orgs & affiliations December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Amateur Radio Affiliations National level participation Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)  FEMA Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)  ARRL ARES affiliations Department of Homeland Security – Citizen Corps Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Communications System (NCS) American Red Cross Salvation Army National Weather Service Association of Public Safety Communications Officials ARRL  SOA with Department of Homeland Security – Citizen Corps Raise public awareness as safety resource Training & accreditation for Amateur Radio Emergency Communications Amateurs are involved at the National level through R A C E S ( coord. Thru FEMA ) A R E S ( coord. Thru ARRL ) Here are some other affiliations: DHS, FEMA, NCS, RED CROSS, and more Last Year the ARRL signed a STATEMENT of AFFILIATION With Department of Homeland Security To: 1. Raise Public awareness as National Resource 2. Support Training & Accredit. For EMER Commun. December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III

Recent Activity Hurricane Isabel -- September 2003 Northeast blackout -- August 2003 Midwest tornadoes -- May 2003 Shuttle Columbia recovery effort -- Feb 2003 Wildfires in Colorado -- June 2002 Tornado in Maryland -- April 2002 Flooding in Kentucky -- March 2002 WTC & Pentagon terrorist attacks - Sep 2001 Storm Allison Flooding in TX & LA - Jun 2001 Earthquake in India -- January 2001 Earthquake in El Salvador -- January 2001 Ice storms in Southwest -- December 2000 Tornado in Alabama -- December 2000 Avalanche in Alaska -- March 2000 Fires in Los Alamos, New Mexico -- May 2000 Hurricane Floyd -- September 1999 Tornadoes in Oklahoma and Kansas -- May 1999 Colombian Earthquake -- January 1999 Tornadoes in Arkansas and Tennessee -- Jan 1999 Hurricane Mitch in Central America -- Nov 1998 Flooding in Texas -- October 1998 Hurricane Georges -- September 1998 Tornadoes in Florida -- February 1998 "500-Year Flood," N.D. & Minn. - April 1997 Western U.S. floods - January 1997 Hurricane Fran - September 1996 TWA plane crash - July 1996 Oklahoma City Bombing - April 1995 Here is a reference LIST of activities over Last few years, where amateurs were involved You see: Hurricanes, Blackouts, Shuttle Columbia Recovery effort Earthquakes, Floods, Fires, And more. . . . . ---------------------- Will take a lot to advance capabilities. . . . It is our opportunity to leverage national resources such as this A.R. – important – inspired me – to combine what I learned. . . – commercial industry w/ support of emergency agencies to support WTC December 1, 2004 B. L. Malone III