Meeting the Needs of all Learners

“Diversity has become the norm among the students in the classrooms of today” (Johnson, 1990) Languages Families Cultural backgrounds Economics Experiential background Education is intended to promote the development of caring and responsible persons who are prepared to meet the challenges of a complex and changing world.

Student Diversity Aptitude Achievement Interest Motivation Needs Ability To achieve this goal it is necessary to acknowledge that individual learners may have different levels of aptitude, achievement, interest, motivation, needs and ability.

Paradigm Shift in Education: Curriculum Traditional Major focus on content Content acquisition Lock step progress Evolving Content & process balance Learning to learn Continuous progress Curriculum is viewed as something to be manipulated by the teacher.

Instruction Traditional Teacher-centered Single textbook Single instructional approach Passive learning Evolving Child-centered Resource-based learning Multiple approaches to instruction Active learning Teacher is viewed as the facilitator of learning in the classroom.

Environment Traditional Competitive System level management Supervision of learners Hierarchical structures Evolving Cooperative School-site management Empowerment of learners Professional/collegial structures

Students need to become … Independent Active Self-organizing Responsible Empowered Students need to become independent, active, self-organizing individuals. Teaching should be viewed as a means to empower students!!

Brain Research Confirms what teachers have always known: No two children are alike.  No two children learn in the identical way.  An enriched environment for one student is not necessarily enriched for another.  In the classroom we should teach children to think for themselves.  --Marian Diamond

Differentiation is a philosophy that enables teachers to plan strategically in order to reach the needs of diverse learners in the classrooms.

Differentiation IS NOT Tracking A New Strategy Static Teaching to the Middle Synonymous with Individualization

Assessment & Assignments Based on readiness and interests Differentiate? What? Content & Materials Process & Strategies Assessment & Assignments Time Based on readiness and interests

Climate Effective teachers believe that all children can learn and be successful. Effective teachers create a climate where all students feel included. Effective teachers feel that there is potential in each learner and commit to finding the key that will unlock that potential.

Knowing the Learner We need to know the learner so that we can make sure that the curriculum fits. We need to know how students access, process, and express information- We need to know their learning styles. We need to know their thinking styles.

Assessing the Learner Just as one size of learning doesn’t fit all, one size of assessment doesn’t suit either. We need to pre-assess the learner so that we can find out what they already know. We need to assess during the learning- use ongoing assessments. We need to assess after the learning.

Adjustable Assignments Allow teachers to help students focus on essential skills and understanding key concepts, recognizing that they may be at different levels of readiness. Students have the opportunity to develop essential skills and understanding at his or her appropriate level of challenge.

Instructional Strategies Teachers who use a variety of instructional strategies add novelty, choice, and individuality to learning. As teachers build their repertoire of instructional strategies, they will see how they can adjust the learning for a group of learners and how different strategies appeal to different learners.

Curriculum Approaches Curriculum can be delivered in many ways so that it will appeal to individual learners Centers or stations Projects Problem-based learning Inquiry Contracts

Adaptations in … Content Process Product

Content Multiple texts Varied time Contracts Compacting Group investigation

Process Learning centers Multiple intelligences Graphic organizers Simulations Learning logs

Product Independent study Community–based projects Multiple intelligence-based orientations Presentations Arts Multimedia