CHAPTER 13 Fiscal Policy and Automatic Stabilizers: What Managers Need to Know © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-1 Categories of U.S. Government Taxation, 2013 (Estimate) © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Copyright@2006 South-Western/Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

Exhibit 13-2 Categories of U.S. Government Spending, 2013 (Estimate) © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-3 Types and Maturities of Government Securities © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-4 Owners of U.S. Government Debt, January 1981 to January 2013 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-5 Fiscal Multiplier’s Effect on AD, Real GDP, and GDP Price Index © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-6 Effect of Government Borrowing in the Real Loanable Funds Market © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Copyright@2006 South-Western/Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

Exhibit 13-7 Endogenous Changes in the Major Macroeconomic Markets Weaken the Fiscal Multiplier © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. .

Exhibit 13-8 Budget Surpluses Increase the Supply of Real Loanable Funds © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-9 U.S. Government Deficits and Surpluses, 1970-2012 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-10 Actual Deficit ≡ Active Deficit + Passive Deficit © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-11 Neutral Fiscal Policy: Active Deficit = 0 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-12 Expansionary Fiscal Policy: Active deficit = $30 Billion © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-13 Contractionary Fiscal Policy: Active Surplus © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-14 Lags in Fiscal Policy © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-15 A Nation’s Monetary Base Changes When Our Imaginary Horizontal Line Is Crossed and Central Bank’s Balance Sheet Changes © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-16 Total Nominal U.S. Public Debt, 1968 (Q1)-2013 (Q1) © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-17 U.S. Real Per Capita Government Debt, 1966-2012 (2005 Dollars) © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-18 Changes in a Government’s Balance Sheet: ∆ Assets ≡ Δ Liabilities + ∆ Stockholder’s Equity © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-19 U.S. Government Gross-Debt-to-GDP Ratio, 1968 (Q1)-2013 (Q1) © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-20 International Comparison: Government Gross-Financial-Liabilities-to-GDP Ratios for Developed Nations in 2013 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-21 Crowding-Out with Perfectly Elastic, Perfectly Inelastic, and an Upward-Sloping Supply of Real Loanable Funds © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-22 Assumptions for Calculating the Active and Passive Deficits © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-23 Actual Deficit ≡ Active Deficit + Passive Deficit © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-24 Neutral Fiscal Policy: Active Deficit = 0 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use Copyright@2006 South-Western/Cengage Learning. All rights reserved

Exhibit 13-25 Monetary Effects of Government Taxes: Δ Monetary Base = 0 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-26 Monetary Effects of Government Transfers to the Central Bank © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use

Exhibit 13-27 Monetary Effects of Government Spending: Δ Monetary Base = 0 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

Exhibit 13-28 Monetary Effects of Government Borrowing: Δ Monetary Base = 0 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use