Legal and Standardisation Framework Indoor Lighting Prepared by ISR – University of Coimbra August 2017

Summary EU legislative framework for lighting systems Regulations for lamps, luminaires, ballasts and drivers EN Standards for lighting systems

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Directives The following EU Directives which are currently in revision cover energy efficiency requirements for lighting systems and components: Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD) Ecodesign Directive (ED) Energy Labelling Directive (ELD) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/itre/work-in-progress.html?action=1

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations In the field of lighting systems, between 2009 and 2012, several regulations were developed at EU level. The implementing regulations within the Ecodesign and Labelling Directives are mainly focussed on light sources and ballasts and to a lesser extent to luminaires which are only partialy covered.

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations Scope 244/2009 Non-directional household lamps 1194/2012 Directional lamps, LED lamps and Control Gear 245/2009 Fluorescent and HiD lamps and Ballasts 874/2009 Energy labelling of lamps and luminaires

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – non-directional lamps Commission Regulation (EC) No 244/2009 sets ecodesign requirements for non-directional household lamps - published on the 18th of March 2009 and entered into force two weeks later. The Commission Regulation (EC) No 859/2009 of 18 September 2009, partially amended some requirements (ultraviolet radiation related) of the 244/2009. The regulation follows a step-by-step approach which aimed at phasing out inefficient lamps until 2016. Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1428 Delayed the phase-out of halogen lamps until 2018. It gradually prohibits the placing on the market of particularly energy-inefficient lamps for household use, except for special purpose products. The products concerned have to comply with specific energy efficacy requirements and partially also with minimum performance requirements in order to receive a CE marking and thus be allowed on the European market. The regulation follows a step-by-step approach which aims phasing out inefficient lamps until 2016.  According to evidence produced after the adoption of Regulation (EC) No 244/2009, the limit set in Table 5 of the Regulation regarding ultraviolet radiation of the UVC type cannot be met by tungsten halogen lamps without a second lamp envelope (notably mains voltage halogen lamps with G9 and R7s caps but also extra low voltage halogen lamps). This would result in banning those lamps from the internal market from 1 September 2009.

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems Timeline for implementation of Regulation (EC) No 244/2009 1st Sep. 2009 Clear lamps: phasing out of incandescent lamps > 100 W and inefficient halogen lamps Non-clear lamps: All non-clear incandescent and halogen lamps are phased out. 1st Sep. 2010 Clear lamps:Incandescent lamps ≥ 75 W are phased out. 1st Sep. 2011 Clear lamps: Incandescent lamps ≥ 60 W are phased out. 1st Sep. 2012 Clear lamps: Incandescent lamps ≥ 7 W are phased out. 1st Sep. 2013 Clear lamps: Increased performance requirements for all lamps covered by the regulation (except for LED lamps) 1st Sep. 2018 Clear lamps: Halogen lamps are phased out (postponed from 2016)

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – non-directional lamps Regulation 244/2009 set additional functionality requirements for CFLs and halogen lamps setting minimum values for: Lifetime Premature Failure Rate Lamp warm-up time to 60% of the flux Lamp Power Factor UVA+UVB radiation Starting time UVC radiation Lumen Maintenance Colour Rendering (Ra) Number of switching cycles before failure Regulation 244/2009 does not set functionality requirements for LED’s.

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – non-directional lamps Regulation 244/2009 also lists the product information requirements that needs to be visibly displayed on the package of the lamp and made publicly available on a free access websites by the manufacturers: Electric Power (wattage), light output, lifetime, light color, etc.

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – directional lamps and LEDs Commission Regulation (EC) No 1194/2012 sets minimum requirements for directional lamps and also non- directional LED light sources.    Scope Directional lamps. Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps and modules. Equipment designed for installation between the mains and the lamps, including: control gear including ballasts and drivers luminaires

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – directional lamps and LEDs Minimum Efficiency requirements are set in three stages: Stage 1: 1 September 2013 Stage 2: 1 September 2014 Stage 3: 1 September 2016. Requirements are based on the lamps Energy Efficiency Index (EEI).

Maximum energy efficiency index (EEI) 1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – directional lamps and LEDs Application date Maximum energy efficiency index (EEI) Mains-voltage halogen Other halogen HID   LEDs and CFLs Stage I 1 Sep 2013 If Φuse > 450 lm: 1,75 If Φuse ≤ 450 lm: 1,20 If Φuse > 450 lm: 0,9 0,50 Stage II 1 Sep 2014 1,75 0,95 Stage III 1 Sep 2016 0,36 0,20

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – directional lamps and LEDs EU Regulations – directional lamps and LEDs Regulation 1194/2012 - Functionality Requirements Lamp lifetime Premature failure rate Lumen Maintenance Lamp power factor for lamps with integrated control gear Number of switching cycles before failure Colour rendering (Ra) Starting time Colour consistency Lamp warm-up time

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – directional lamps and LEDs Regulation 1194/2012 - Information Requirements lists the product information requirements that needs to be visibly displayed on the package of the lamp and made publicly available on a free access websites by the manufacturers: Electric Power (wattage), light output, lifetime, light color, etc.

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – fluorescent / HID lamps and ballasts Commission Regulation (EC) No 245/2009 sets the ecodesign requirements for fluorescent lamps without integrated ballast, for high intensity discharge lamps, and for ballasts and luminaires able to operate such lamps.

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems Requirements for lamps in Regulation (EC) No 245/2009 13th Apr. 2010 T8 and T5 fluorescent lamps not meeting minimum performance requirements are phased out. 13th Apr. 2012 T12 fluorescent lamps not meeting minimum performance requirements are phased out. Metal halide (MH) lamps: Inefficient MH lamps with E27, E40 and PGZ12 bases not meeting minimum performance requirements are phased out. Inefficient high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps with E27 and E40 bases not meeting minimum performance requirements are phased out. 13th Apr. 2015 High-pressure mercury lamps (HPM) not meeting minimum performance requirements are phased out High-pressure sodium plug-in lamps not meeting minimum performance requirements are phased out. 13th Apr. 2017 MH lamps with E27 and E40 bases not meeting minimum performance requirements are phased out. Requirements are extended to include lifetime and maintenance..

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems Requirements for ballasts and luminaires in Regulation (EC) No 245/2009 13th Apr. 2010 Ballasts for fluorescent lamps: Minimum requirement is energy class A1 – B2, an energy label and a stand-by power of maximum 1 W for remotely controlled ballasts. 13th Oct. 2010 Luminaires for fluorescent and High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps: Additional specific product information must be freely accessible on the Internet. 13th Apr. 2012 Ballasts for fluorescent lamps: Requirement of a stand-by power of maximum 0,5 W. Ballasts for HID lamps: Requirement of an energy label Luminaires for fluorescent and High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps: Requirement for the use of an Electronic Control Gear (ECG) is energy class A1 and A2. 13th Apr. 2017 Only energy class A1 and A2 are permitted for the ECG. The Conventional Control Gear is phased out.

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – Energy Labelling Commission Regulation (EU) No 874/2012 This Regulation establishes requirements for labelling of and providing supplementary product information on lamps and luminaires. It informs consumers about the compatibility of the luminaire with energy-saving lamps and about the energy efficiency of the lamps included with the luminaire.

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – Energy Labelling for lamps Energy label for luminaires

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems EU Regulations – Energy Labelling Energy Labelling - Scope Within Scope Out of Scope Halogen lamps Fluorescent lamps LED lamps and modules Related luminaires marketed to end-users Luminaires, lamps and LED modules with 12000 < luminous flux < 30 lumens Luminaires, lamps and LED modules marketed for operation with batteries Luminaires, lamps and LED modules marketed for applications or products where their primary purpose is not lighting Lamps and LED modules marketed as part of a luminaire and not intended to be removed by the end-user Lamps and LED modules that do not comply with ecodesign requirements

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems Energy Efficiency Classes

1. EU legislative framework for lighting systems Lot 37 Ecodesign Preparatory Study Lighting Systems (ENER Lot 37)  Started in January 2014 and was finished in December 2016. Makes new policy recommendations: single ecodesign lighting regulation, intended to substitute the existing ecodesign lighting regulations CR 244/2009, CR 245/2009 and CR 1194/2012. focuses on light sources, control gears, and their combinations, including when integrated in other products.

2. EN Standards for lighting systems Standard EN 15193-1:2017 Standard EN 15193-1:2017 Energy performance of buildings. Energy requirements for lighting. The standard EN 15193-1, originally released in 2007, is part of a set of standards which were developed to support the implementation of EPBD directives. In the standard, the LENI (Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator) was introduced as a metric to quantify the energy performance for lighting in a building. [kWh/m2.year]

2. EN Standards for lighting systems Standard EN 15193-1:2017 The method to calculate the LENI considers, with different levels of detail, the main factors affecting the buildings’ energy consumption for electric lighting: the power of the lighting systems, including standbypower of control systems and the power for recharging the emergency lamps; the type of control system (manual or automatically controlled according to daylight availability or spaces’ occupancy); the daylight penetration into the indoor spaces through both vertical glazing and roof lighting systems; the building usage and the corresponding lighting requirements; the occupancy profile (occupancy time and probability).

2. EN Standards for lighting systems Standard EN 15193-1:2017 The 3 methodologies presented for the energy calculations are applicable to the three different design steps: pre-assessment design assessment ex-post evaluation

2. EN Standards for lighting systems Standard EN 15193-1:2017 Methodologies for the calculation of energy need for lighting

2. EN Standards for lighting systems Standard EN 15193-1:2017 The three calculation procedures defined in the standard give as output the electric energy required for lighting and can provide the Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator (LENI) – in different time steps and for each single room, zone or building considered. The LENI indicator may be used for comparing buildings/zones/rooms or could serve as a measure of the energy performance of the lighting systems installed or being designed. The results will also provide input for the heating and cooling load estimations for the combined total energy performance of building indicator, thanks to the time steps and room/zone subdivision.

2. EN Standards for lighting systems Standard EN 15193-1:2017 The standard Technical Report EN 15193-2:2017, presents LENI benchmark values for spaces and lighting installations depending on space type, such as: Circulation area Personal office Open floor office Conference

2. EN Standards for lighting systems Standard EN 12464-1 :2011 Standard for light planning in workplaces specifying minimum required illuminance levels for the task area and its surroundings: lighting requirements for work surfaces, computer monitors and the immediate surroundings also sets requirements in terms of lighting of ceilings and walls. Illuminance in the surrounding areas must be no less than a third of the illuminance in the immediate vicinity of the task area. This improves the luminance ratio in the space, increasing visual comfort and performance. The illuminance uniformity value must be no less than 0.4 in the immediate vicinity and no less than 0.1 in the background.