Truman and Containment And The Korean War Truman and Containment Lecture 1
Standard 11.9.2 Understand the role of military alliances including NATO and SEATO in deterring communist aggression and maintaining security during the Cold War. Essential Question: What 3 events proved that the US was determined to stop the spread of Communism?
“I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.” -Albert Einstein
Iron Curtain USA V. USSR for WORLD DOMINATION Satellite States Soviet troops remained in Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East to “help” restore government order Buffer Zone Iron Curtain communication and travel between eastern and western Europe stopped Berlin = representation of the division between East and West
Iron Curtain
Capitalism V. Socialism the government decided what to make and how much to make shortages, starvation, and a weak economy little incentive to work or achieve
Democracy V. Totalitarianism Soviets did not allow freedom of expression (speech, press or religion) “Big Brother is watching” Confessional Arrests
Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine, 1947 Containment Domino Theory Communists might take over Greece and Turkey Truman promised financial or economic aid to any European nation threatened by communism Pick a Side: USA or USSR Containment Domino Theory
Marshall Plan Marshall Plan, 1947 the US sent $12.5 billion in aid to help western Europe rebuild
Berlin Airlift Berlin Airlift, 1948 Stalin closed Berlin to the West hoped to starve out western Berlin Supplies airlifted to West Berlin daily for 231 days 277,264 flights in 231 days 2,250,000 tons of goods including food and coal 300 tons per day
NATO and Warsaw North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949 12 Western European nations and the US formed alliance to check communist expansion Greece and Turkey joined in 1952 West Germany joined in 1955 Warsaw Pact, 1950 USSR and allies formed their own “NATO” in Poland
SEATO South-East Asian Treaty Organization, 1954 sought containment in Asia, it dissolved in 1977 8 nations joined—Australia, Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the US showed growing commitment by the US to fight communism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjkRodaD1Xs&safe=active
Jieshi V. Zedong Jiang Jieshi v. Mao Zedong China “fell” to communism under Mao in 1949 China and USSR became allies Americans felt that containment was failing Jiang Jieshi and the National government fled to Taiwan
Capitalist Communists in North Korea Supported by China/Soviet Union- invades South Korea (1950) Capitalists in South Korea- supported by US sent General MacArthur in to lead the UN troops after Northern Communists invaded Communist Capitalist MacArthur calls for nuclear attack~ Fired
38th Parallel 38th Parallel North Korea = Communist South Korea = Capitalist the UN established division at the 38th parallel North Korea invaded South Korea the Senate consented to send US troops under the UN to prevent the “domino effect” Douglas MacArthur named UN commander
June 1950 July 1950 Sept. 1950 June 1951
Limited War Limited War Truman ordered MacArthur to hold 38th parallel but not to advance past it Nukes MacArthur publicly criticized Truman’s “limited war” Truman fired MacArthur “the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy” General MacArthur
The DMZ Demilitarized Zone, 1953 a cease fire was signed between North Korea and the US under Eisenhower South Korea did not sign it technically, they are still at war no army may occupy the border between the two Koreas both nations and the US have troops stationed at the edge of the DMZ
Two Very Different Koreas North Korea = Communist Kim IL Sung emphasized self-reliance Kept N. Korea isolated and poor Glorified “Great Leader” Propaganda South Korea = Capitalist Syngman Rhee Middle class prospered Direct Elections held Successful transition into democracy