Trade and Western Expansion

French Revolution 1789 the French Revolution happens Americans are divided Federalists are horrified by the violence and chaos Republicans support the uprising despite the bloodshed France declares war with Britain President Washington has a tough decision to make, as both countries trade with America He declared the United States to be “friendly and impartial” toward both waring countries

Jay’s Treaty Despite Washington’s declaration, the British began intercepting shops carrying goods to French ports The British were also still occupying forts in American territories Congress almost declares war with Britain in 1794 America sent John Jay to Britain to bargain He secured a treaty which stopped Britain from seizing American ships, granted the US ‘Most- Favored Nation’ status with Britain, and allowed merchants to sue for lost revenue because of British actions

Jay’s Treaty The public got word of what was in the treaty Republicans were not happy about the pro-British nature of the treaty and condemned it After a long debate about the treaty Washington decided to enforce it

Pinckney’s Treaty In 1795 Spain joined forces with France in the fight against Britain Spain got worried that America would join military forces with Britain and quickly began negotiations with America Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to Spain to negotiate The Treaty of San Lorenzo (better known as Pinckney’s Treaty) was signed quickly The treaty gave Americans the ability to navigate the Mississippi River and to deposit goods in the port of New Orleans The treaty had wide support in America, especially with western farmers

Westward Expansion In the 1780s Americans flocked to the area between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River Kentucky grew and in 1792 became a state Tennessee became a state in 1796 following the same growth as Kentucky

Northwest Territory Movement into the Northwest Territory was met with major resistance from the Native Americans Chief Little Turtle of the Miami united the Miami, Shawnee, Delaware, and other groups to fight the American expansion In 1790, Little Turtle’s forces defeated General Josiah Harmar and the American forces A year later Native American forces defeated General Arthur St. Clair, killing nearly half of his men

Northwest Territory After the disasters, Washington sent General Anthony Wayne to stop Native American attacks In August 1794, a large force made up of Shawnee, Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatomi forces, lead by Shawnee chief Blue Jacket, attacked Wayne’s forces Wayne was able to defeat the Native American forces, but suffered major losses

Northwest Territory Wayne’s victory dealt a decisive blow to Native American resistance in the Northwest Territory In 1795, 12 Native American nations signed the Treaty of Greenville They agreed to give up part of southern Ohio and Indiana in exchange for a yearly payment of $10,000 from the American government They also gave up land in Illinois, Michigan and northern Indiana Following the treaty, a rush of settlers to the new land began By 1803, Ohio had enough settlers to become a state

Page 165 Questions 1 & 2 The answer for 2 should be at least 4 sentences