Jacob Piske, Eric Peterson, Bill Perry

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Presentation transcript:

Jacob Piske, Eric Peterson, Bill Perry Nitrate concentrations in streams as a function of Crop Cover in Midwestern Agricultural Watersheds: Assessing the role of corn and soybeans Jacob Piske, Eric Peterson, Bill Perry

Nitrate Problems Agricultural nonpoint source pollution Impairing the water quality in 70% of rivers and streams Approximately 25% of the NO3- in the stream system will remain mobile and continue to the Mississippi River Contributes to Gulf of Mexico hypoxia http://www.feedstuffs.com/news/court-dismisses-setting-pollution-diet-mississippi-river-basin

Agricultural Influence Primary source of nutrients to surface water contamination Fertilizer use, artificially drained areas, and decreased crop diversity Average 163 kg ha-1 N-fertilizers applied to corn (USDA, 2016) Average 20 kg ha-1 N-fertilizers applied to soybeans (USDA, 2015) http://www.dairymoos.com/shocking-news-the-weather-is-unpredictable/

N-Fertilizer Rates

Agricultural Changes Corn was grown in rotation with alfalfa and clovers Increased availability of fertilizers and application rate Intensive subsurface drainage (tile drains) Current rotation is corn and soybean Corn was grown in rotation with alfalfa and clovers Increased availability of fertilizers and application rate Intensive subsurface drainage (tile drains) Current rotation is corn and soybean Corn Soybeans

Research Question Does a relationship exist between nitrate export and crop type (corn or soybean)? Does nitrate export vary seasonally?

Watersheds

Stream Data Continuous NO3- -N concentrations (mg/L) and discharge (Q, m³) were downloaded from the USGS Water Science Center Data ranges from 2008 to 2017 USGS Station River Watershed Area (km²) Percent Agriculture (2017) NO3 Availability 3336850 Spoon River 106 92.18% 2013 – 2017 5554300 Indian Creek 175 91.65% 2011 – 2017 5482300 North Raccoon River 1813 84.26% 2008 – 2017 5482500 Raccoon River 4195 84.02% 5447500 Green River 2597 81.53% 2015 – 2017 5524500 Iroquois River 1162 78.49% 5464420 Cedar River 16425 75.85% 2012 – 2017 5465500 Iowa River 32375 70.76% 2009 – 2017 6481000 Big Sioux River 10170 59.17% 2017 6892350 Kansas River 154767 44.15% Table sorted by percent agriculture Table sorted by percent agriculture.

Data Categorization Year Seasons (Hanrahan et al, 2018) April 1 to March 31 Seasons (Hanrahan et al, 2018) Spring – April 1 to June 30 Summer – July 1 to September 30 Fall – October 1 to December 31 Winter – January 1 to March 31

Crop Percentages

Yearly Corn vs. NO3-Weighted Flow

Yearly Soybean vs. NO3- Weighted Flow

Yearly Corn vs. NO3- Load

Yearly Soybean vs. NO3- Load

Seasonal Corn vs. NO3- Weighted Flow

Seasonal Soybean vs. NO3- Weighted Flow

Relationship – Export vs. Crop Type Collective Data Export increases as corn increases Export increases as soybean increases

Relationship – Export vs. Crop Type Individual Watersheds Export decreases as corn increases Export increases as soybean increases

Conclusions & Future Work Relationship exist but not as expected. Season Recap Highest export in spring Similar export in summer and fall Lowest export in winter Collect crop and stream data for 2018 Hypothesis Collectively Individual OR

Questions?