Polar Molecules Section 4.4.

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Presentation transcript:

Polar Molecules Section 4.4

Polar Bonds Polar Bonds - look up electronegativity values for each element on the periodic table, then determine the difference: <0.4 non-polar bond 0.5-1.7 polar bond 1.8+ Ionic bond (only if a non-metal and a metal)

Examples Are the following bonds polar? HBr BH3

Polar Molecules Polar Molecules – have polar bonds and the molecule is not symmetrical (i.e. the charges are not shared equally around the central atom) Use VSPER Non-polar molecules – can have polar or non-polar bonds that are equally shared around the central atom.

Empirical Rules for Polar & Non-polar Molecules Formula Description Example Polar AB Linear Molecules CO, HCl CxAyBz Molecules containing C and 2 other types of atoms C2H5OH CHCl3 OxAy Molecules with an O at one end H2O NxAy Molecules with an N at one end NH3 Non-polar A2 Diatomic molecules of the same element O2 CxAy Most carbon compounds CO2

Examples NCl3 Polar CO2 Non-polar H2O

Applying VSEPR Both shape and bond polarity will determine if the molecule is polar. If the molecule is symmetrical the molecule will be non-polar. A bond dipole is the new way to show the polar bond (they are vectors…)

A quick review of Vectors =

Theoretical Prediction of Molecular Polarity Draw a Lewis Structure Use VSEPR to determine the shape around each central atom Use electronegativities to determine the polarity of each bond. Add the bond dipole vectors and determine if the resultant is 0 (non-polar) or not 0 (polar)

Examples Are they polar or non-polar molecules? SiBr4 SF2 BBr3

Today’s Tasks Pg. 253 #1-3 Pg. 255-256 #6-10 Pg. 256 #1-3