Level 2 Preindustrial Age: 1790-1860s

Vocabulary Technology: industrial process leading to inventions Transportation: a way someone travels from one place to another Invention: something that is created Domestic System: a manufacturing process in which people make items in their homes with materials supplied by entrepreneurs Factory System: a manufacturing process in which capital, raw materials and labor are all centralized in a factory Interchangeable parts: parts that can be removed and replaced with other parts Mass production: producing a large amount of a good at low prices Manufactured goods: goods made by machinery in large quantities Leisure: time free of work Work ethic: the belief that work can improve a persons character and give them importance

Essential Questions How did social and economic life change as the United States began to move from an agrarian to an industrial society? How did geographic factors contribute to this change? How do statistics support historians as they research an era?

Technological Changes Altered the Way People Dealt with One Another Improved transportation made travel and communication easier Turnpikes: toll roads built by private citizens or by the federal government National Road (Cumberland Road): ran east to west starting in Baltimore and eventually ending in Illinois Canals: faster than roads Railroads: faster than canals Stop national road film at 2:00

The Impact of Early Industrialization and Technological Changes “Domestic System” to the “Factory System” An increase in the production of goods for sale rather than personal use Samuel Slater: He memorized blueprints from a British mill and opened the first industrial mill in the US in 1770 Increased the speed and productivity of spinning cotton into yarn Outwork System: smaller parts of the production process were made in private homes Recruited farm girls to operate machines in factories (Changing Roles of Women) Lowell Massachusetts: mill town 1828 Paid female workers less; “Lowell Girls” Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin separated seeds from the plant (expanded slavery) Rifles: Interchangeable parts Mass production Reference: http://www.ushistory.org/us/22a.asp

The Impact of Early Industrialization and Technological Changes People began to buy manufactured goods instead of homemade goods. Cheaper and gave them more leisure time because they didn’t have to make it at home

The Impact of Early Industrialization and Technological Changes Emergence of a new work ethic Due to the ability to borrow capital, new businesses sprung up and the American dream, if you work hard you can achieve anything, grew.

Family Roles Changed, Affecting Society in General Children used to work on family farms and in the home which left little time for fun or education. Mechanization decreased work hours for some which gave them more time for leisure activities. Childhood became a more distinct stage of life because of the prosperity of the age More time for play Less responsibilities More education Children from less affluent families Began working in factories because they could be paid less and the machines didn’t need strength By 1810 2,000,000 school age children worked 50-70 hours a week Conditions were poor http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080911073043AAB7FDB

Essential Questions How did social and economic life change as the United States began to move from an agrarian to an industrial society? How did geographic factors contribute to this change? How do statistics support historians as they research an era?