Chapter 2: Studying Geography, Economics, and Citizenship

Lesson 1: Studying Geography How does geography influence the way people live?

Displaying the Earth’s Surface Globe Map

Hemispheres Northern and Southern Eastern and Western Equator Prime Meridian

Longitude and Latitude Parallel to Equator (0°) Measures North and South Longitude Parallel to the Prime Meridian (0°) Measures East and West

Globes to Maps Maps distort what the earth really looks like Multiple map projections that show the Earth on a flat sheet of paper

Shows true shape and size

Shows true projection and shape Does not show correct size or distance Mercator Projection Shows true projection and shape Does not show correct size or distance

East and West sides look bigger Robinson Projection East and West sides look bigger

Winkle Triple

The Five Themes of Geography Location Place Human-environment interaction Movement Regions

Six Essential Elements of Geography The world in spatial terms Looking at what is around you Places and regions Location Physical Systems Landforms, weather, plants and animals Human Systems How people shape their world Environment and society The relationship between people and the environment The uses of geography Helps us understand the relationships among people, places, and environments

Types of Maps Political Map Physical Map

Reading Maps Symbols Be aware of signs and pictures Scale A line that tells you the distance represented in a map Cardinal directions Compass rose

Using Charts, Graphs, and Diagrams Show data in an organized way Graphs Various types: bar, circle, line Diagrams Special drawings

How Do Geographers Study Population and Culture? How many people live in a specific area or place Cloropleth A special map that shows population

Take 2-3 minutes to write down what you think and give examples What is culture? Take 2-3 minutes to write down what you think and give examples

May change due to migration Culture A set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by the members of a group Language, religion, government, and customs May change due to migration

Practicing Citizenship Why do people form governments?

Vocabulary Representative government Federal system Citizens vote for officials Officials act in our interest Federal system Central government Separation of powers Three equal branches Check and balances Legislative branch Executive branch Judicial branch

What is citizenship? Rights of Citizenship The Seven Dynamics of Citizenship The right to seek life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Freedom of expression Freedom of religion Right to a fair trial by a jury of their peers Right to vote and choose leaders Duties and Responsibilities of Citizenship Pay taxes Obey laws Serve on a jury Defend the country Understanding issues Respect others Service

Naturalization Naturalization for Kids and Teens

How can we help others around the world? Write down some ideas. Global Citizenship How can we help others around the world? Write down some ideas.