Southern Colonies USH1

British Colonies Charter – permission granted by the English Crown to est a colony Corporate colony – stockholders invest money to fund the start of a colony Joint-stock company Proprietary colony – land grant given by the king to an individual or group Royal colony – paid for and ruled directly by the monarchy

Virginia - 1607 Jamestown 1st permanent English settlement Funded by the Virginia Company Joint-stock company Intent – to find gold Colony suffers in the beginning Disease, famine, lack of leadership & Indian attacks John Smith – brings organization to the colony “He that shall not work will not eat” John Rolfe – brings tobacco seeds & the crop becomes the primary export Effects of tobacco Labor intensive  slavery Destroyed the land  expand Very profitable so more settlers arrive Expansion  more Native conflicts

Maryland - 1632 Land granted to Lord Baltimore Haven for Catholics Church of England is Protestant Fertile land  tobacco cultivation Attracts more settlers, some not Catholics Conflicts w/ Natives Act of Toleration – religious freedom for all Christians, esp Catholics

Carolina - 1663 Southern Carolina Northern Carolina Proprietary colony for 8 nobles Large plantations Rice & indigo Social stratification (classes) Charleston becomes a major port city Soil & climate different from the southern part Small tobacco farms Colony split in 1712 Too large – hard to manage Developed differently

Georgia - 1732 Reasons founded Founded by James Oglethorpe Buffer from Spanish Florida Debtors from England Founded by James Oglethorpe Restrictions Land holdings limited to small farms Slavery was banned Alcohol was prohibited Settlers wanted more freedom Restrictions lifted in the 1740s

New England Colonies The New England Colonies (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire) were marked by poor, thin, rocky soils and a relatively short growing season that made farming difficult. However, plentiful forests and proximity to the sea led New Englanders to eventually develop a thriving ship building industry. Fishing, whaling, and commercial trade from harbors such as Boston became important economic engines for the region. New Englanders became the merchants of the colonies and New England-based ships were the carriers of colonial goods in the trans-Atlantic trade. Developed mainly as a religious outpost for various groups.

Massachusetts Puritans Separatist aka Pilgrims – separate from the Church of England Puritans – wanted a more “purified” Church Both groups will migrate b/c of religious persecution in England Pilgrims settled at Plymouth – 1620 Puritans settled Mass. Bay – 1630 1691 – Massachusetts colony (combined) Puritan leadership was able to acquire a majority share in a trading company. Using the trading company as a front, the Puritans moved the headquarters of the London Company of Plymouth to Massachusetts. New England Colonies were established by separatist Pilgrims at Plymouth in 1620 and the non-separatist Puritans at Massachusetts Bay in 1630. Like the Virginia colonists, the New England settlers had similar problems acclimating to their new environment and suffered substantial losses in the early years. Eventually in 1691, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies were combined into one Massachusetts colony.

Massachusetts Pilgrims traveled on the Mayflower Mayflower Compact – self govt by majority rule Puritans were led by John Winthrop “Model of Christian Charity” (city upon a hill) Tight control politically & socially Vote – male, church members (town mtgs)  Direct democracy Not religiously tolerant Salem Witch Trials Relations w/ Natives soured as more colonists arrived King Philip’s War (1675 – 1676) AKA Metacom Last major Native uprising in NE Pilgrims initially come with 100 people. They were supposed to arrive close to Jamestown but a storm blew them off course and they landed in Plymouth, MA. John Winthrop led 1000 Puritans to establish MBC near preset-day Boston.

Rhode Island (1636) & Connecticut (1637) Dissenters – people who disagreed w/ the teachings of the Puritan Church Roger Williams – Puritan minister Disagreed w/ the church practices Banned from MBC Founded Rhode Island Treated Natives w/ respect Religiously tolerant Anne Hutchinson – challenged Puritan ministerial leadership Connecticut was founded by Thomas Hooker (Puritan minister) Differed w/ the church over political participation Fundamental Orders of CT 1st representative govt Pequot War Conflict over fur trade & English territorial expansion

New Hampshire (1679) Originally part of MBC Broke off & formed their own colony Slightly more religiously diverse

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies Cultural & religious diversity Good harbors & river systems Location was good for farming & trade Wheat, corn, rye – aka “the breadbasket” Relied upon the Natives for trade – relationship was better than New England & Southern Colonies

New York & New Jersey (1664) NY was originally settled by the Dutch for trade – very successful English seize the colony Gov. Peter Stuyvesant negotiated transfer w/o resistance King Charles II gave the colony to his brother James, the Duke of York Major trading post NY colony was too large to manage, so he gave two friends the southern part  New Jersey Land in NJ was sold at low prices to attract settlers

New York & New Jersey

Pennsylvania (1682) & Delaware (1704) Proprietary colony given to William Penn Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers PA is a haven for Quakers Religiously tolerant Fair treatment of Natives Well advertised the colony in England Delaware – once part of NY, then given to PA Breaks off into a separate colony Location made it too difficult to manage