FLIP LEARNING CONFEDERACY pp.119-121 UNION pp.129-131 Confederate Socialism Ordnance Bureau Draft exemptions Blockade running Railway system Women Slavery King Cotton Economic Legislation Federal Intervention Equipping the army Economic growth Farmers Cotton Mills Labour Force Immigration TASK: Your task was to read through the relevant pages of the textbook (see grid) and make notes on each of the different element. You also needed to identify whether they had a POSITIVE or a NEGATIVE impact. Swap your work with a partner and add any extra information they might be missing

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2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877 What impact did geography, economy and foreign relations have on the war? 2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877

Going into the War: The different contexts we need to consider Political Millitary Economic & Financial Foreign Relations Geographic Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union

How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union What impact did geography, economy and foreign relations have on the war? Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union Key Words: Finance, economics, geographical

How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union Using the pictures, what geographical factors are likely to have an impact on the war? infrastructure Size of the South Southern coastline and the use of the sea/inlets Appalachian Mountains Mississippi River Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union 6

Impact on the Confederacy TASK: Stick in your geographic factor strip. On one side writes the impact of the factor on the Confederacy, the other the Union Impact on the Confederacy Geographic Factor Impact on the Union The Confederacy was 2 million km2   Confederate forces did not have to invade the North; the Union had little option but to attack Between Washington and Richmond was a series of west to east running rivers Throughout the Confederacy were railways and roads Four upper Southern states did not secede, and Virginia split when West Virginia seceded from the state. Long coastline in the South The Appalachian mountains ran through the confederacy. Last slide has the strips – should speed up writing it up Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union

Impact on the Confederacy Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union Add to your answers in green pen… Impact on the Confederacy Geographic Factor Impact on the Union The Confederacy was 2 million km2 Difficult to blockade and conquer Defence is as easier option in war than to attack. Confederate forces need not invade the North; the Union had little option but to attack Union have the harder job, not only to acquire land, but to keep it! Useful barrier against the Union who are trying to capture Richmond Between Washington and Richmond was a series of west to east running rivers More obstacles in their way of capturing Richmond, this is where most of the battle would take place. Confederacy could move its forces quickly (can concentrate their force against dispersed Union army) Throughout the Confederacy were railways and roads The dispersed armies could face larger confederate armies Thousands from Maryland, Missouri and Kentucky still fight for the South Four upper Southern states did not secede, and Virginia split when West Virginia seceded from the state. The states that stayed loyal to the Union would have added 80% of the Confederacies industrial Capital  Allow more access for supplies to come in as they had little resource of their own Long coastline in the South Hard to blockade, but they had naval supremacy Would mean a war on two fronts if the Union took control. The Appalachian mountains ran through the confederacy. Another obstacle in the way for capturing Richmond. Stretch manpower. Confederates would have difficulty maintaining their supply lines

How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union What impact did geographic factors have on the Union and the Confederacy? POSITIVE TASK 1: Place the Union and the Confederacy on the continuum TASK 2: Write two paragraphs that substantiate where you have put the Union and Confederacy on the continuum Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union NEGATIVE

Going into the War: The different contexts we need to consider Political Millitary Economic & Financial Foreign Relations Geographic Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union

How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union Financing the war: What would you do??? Before we move on to look at the economy of the war, we need to make sure we understand the difference between the next two terms: Finance – Concerns the management of funds (available money). Economics – Concerns production, consumption and transfer of wealth. Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union

Confederate’s situation The situation: What would you do??? One side of the room will be the Confederates, and other the Union. Read through your situation and decide upon 3 strategies you would do to tackle your issues: Confederate’s situation Union’s situation Confederacy had few gold reserves Union blockade was making it hard to sell cotton and raise money from tariffs Taxes of income/profit/property were unpopular Most state governments were reluctant to send money to Richmond They were struggling to feed the Confederate troops The Union had an established Treasury, gold reserve and source of revenue from tariffs However, the northern financial structure was not ready for war Over the winter of 1861-2, the northern banking system was near to collapse Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union

How did they tackle the situation: Confederates 1. Print more paper money 2. 1861 Congress allowed Treasury Secretary Christopher Memminger to raise $15 million in bonds and stocks certificates 3. 1863 Congress passed the Impressment Act and the Tax-in-Kind Act Serious inflation 1865 prices were in the Eastern Confederacy were 5000 times their 1861 level Richmond Dispatch newspaper estimated that a grocery bill for a small family rose from $6.55 to $68.25 This led to widespread suffering Attempts to fix prices made shortages worse Eroded Southern morale There were initially a lot of buyers both within the Confederacy and abroad But after 1863 when the Confederacy began losing battles, Southerners and European financiers were reluctant to risk loaning money to what seemed like a lost cause Allowed the seizure of goods to support the armies at the front line Allowed government agencies to collect 10% of produce from all farmers Helped supply the army in the last 2 years of the war Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union

How did they tackle the situation: Union 1. Raised loans and issued bonds 2. Increase Tax 3. Inflationary monetary policy One million northerners ended up owning shares in the national debt 2/3 of Union revenue was raised by loans and bonds An income tax (the first in US history, was enacted in 1861 (3% tax on incomes over $800) Internal Revenue Act 1862 (taxed everything) 1/5 of revenue was raised by tax Legal Tender Act (1862) issued $150 million paper currency not redeemable in gold or silver Gave the treasury resources to pay its bills and restored confidence National Banking Act (1863 and 1864) taxed state bank notes Inflation was only 80% Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union

How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union Economic policies of the North and south CONFEDERACY UNION Confederate Socialism Ordnance Bureau Draft exemptions Blockade running Railway system Women Slavery King Cotton Economic Legislation Federal Intervention Equipping the army Economic growth Farmers Cotton Mills Labour Force Immigration We are now going to make use of your homework… TASK 1: Make a copy of the graph on the next page. TASK 2: Plot each policy on the graph to show whether they had a positive impact or not. You will need 2 different colour (one for each side). Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union

How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union Economic policies of the North and south Positive Overall, whose policies had The most positive impact?? Key: Confederates = Union = Describe The issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relation that each sides faced Explain The positive and negative impact of the issues relating to geography, economy and foreign relations Evaluate How far these factors impacted the Confederacy and Union Negative

Geographic Factor The Confederacy was 2 million km2 Confederate forces did not have to invade the North; the Union had little option but to attack Between Washington and Richmond was a series of west to east running rivers Throughout the Confederacy were railways and roads Four upper Southern states did not secede, and Virginia split when West Virginia seceded from the state. Long coastline in the South The Appalachian mountains ran through the confederacy. Geographic Factor The Confederacy was 2 million km2 Confederate forces did not have to invade the North; the Union had little option but to attack Between Washington and Richmond was a series of west to east running rivers Throughout the Confederacy were railways and roads Four upper Southern states did not secede, and Virginia split when West Virginia seceded from the state. Long coastline in the South The Appalachian mountains ran through the confederacy. Geographic Factor The Confederacy was 2 million km2 Confederate forces did not have to invade the North; the Union had little option but to attack Between Washington and Richmond was a series of west to east running rivers Throughout the Confederacy were railways and roads Four upper Southern states did not secede, and Virginia split when West Virginia seceded from the state. Long coastline in the South The Appalachian mountains ran through the confederacy.