The Age of Imperialism

The Race for Africa  Why?  Huge natural resources like diamonds, gold, cocoa, rubber, copper, tin, etc.   How could they do it?  Maxim gun (first automatic weapon), quinine, transportation, communication, African disunity  Berlin Conference (1884-1885)-  Europeans carve up Africa By 1914 the only free countries left were Ethiopia and Liberia

Why was colonization in Asia possible? Europeans’ more advanced weaponry and resources Transportation- railways, steamboats (1869 Suez Canal) Communication- telegraph Rivalry among European nations

Dutch in Java 17th and 18th centuries the Dutch slowly controlled the islands in Indonesia through a series of alliances with local princes and interfrence in local warfare

British in India Origins: British East India Company and port cities of Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta Sepoys- Indian soldiers Battle of Plassey 1757- key battle to British control of India

Early Colonial Society in Java and India Colonizers orginally tried to import European customs but later adapted these to local lifestyles

Social Reform in the Colonies Shift from loose control of British East India Company to more direct control Utilitarians and evangelicals pushed to westernize the Indians (end practice of sati) Ram Mohun Roy

Social Relations within the colonies Rising African and Asian middle class Segregation between the colonizers and the local population White racial supremacy

What was the effect on the economies of Africa and Asia? Economies were reorganized to meet the demands of the European Locals lost farming land and the ability to self-sustain because Europeans developing cash crop plantations

Settler Colonies Europeans migrated with the intention of permanent residence Canada, United States, Argentina, Chile South Africa Boer War (1899-1902) between the British and the Boers (Dutch farmers)

Settlement in the Pacific Rim New Zealand (Maori) Hawaii (annexed by the U.S. in 1898)