A walk through the Chloroplast Photosynthesis A walk through the Chloroplast

Overview Method of converting sun energy (radiant energy) into chemical energy used by cells Occurs only in PLANTS, some BACTERIA, and some PROTISTS Happens inside the CHLOROPLAST

Photosynthesis Overall Reaction: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight  Glucose + Oxygen

Overview Autotrophs: self feeders, organisms capable of making their own food Photoautotrophs: use sun energy e.g. plants photosynthesis-makes organic compounds (glucose) from light Chemoautotrophs: use chemical energy e.g. bacteria that use sulfide or methane chemosynthesis-makes organic compounds from chemical energy contained in sulfide or methane

Carbon Comes Full Circle Autotrophs (plants) absorb sun energy to convert into food for themselves (the glucose product) but humans (heterotrophs) use this product as well! Humans then complete respiration which releases CO2 back to the plants and the process begins again

Factors that affect photosynthesis Amount of water or carbon dioxide Temperature and pH Light intensity

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis _________________________ Water and carbon dioxide are the raw materials needed, so a shortage can ____________ photosynthesis AMOUNT OF H2O or CO2 slow or stop

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis TEMPERATURE and pH Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C and at neutral pH levels (~6-8 pH) At levels above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis LIGHT INTENSITY ____________________ More light increases rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level until plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis

How do plants “breathe?” Just like we take in oxygen gas, plants must take in their gas (carbon dioxide) Just like we release carbon dioxide by exhaling, plants must release their gas (oxygen) STOMATA Specialized cells on the underside of the leaf

Vascular Plants More evolutionary complex than the non-vascular plants Contain xylem for transporting water up from the ground Contain phloem for bringing sugars down from the leaves

Plant Adaptations Both vascular Different ways to get pollinated The angiosperms are more evolutionarily complex than the gymnosperms.