Habitat Where an organism lives

Depressions filed with sea water that we call oceans Ocean Basin Depressions filed with sea water that we call oceans

Pacific Largest and deepest

Atlantic & Indian About half the size as the Pacific & almost as deep

Smallest and shallowest Arctic Smallest and shallowest

Density Mass per unit volume D = m/V

Earth's Structure Inner core: 0-1200 km Outer core: 1200-2500 km Mantle: 2500-6300 km Crust: Outer most 100 km

Oceanic Crust Crust directly under oceans thin & dense made of mostly basalt

Continental Crust Crust containing the continents thick & less dense Made of mostly granite

The Earth’s crust is made up of many plate that are in constant motion Plate Tectonics The Earth’s crust is made up of many plate that are in constant motion

Original supercontinent containing all of the present day continents Pangaea Original supercontinent containing all of the present day continents

Plate Boundary Crack between plates Where two plate meet Fault line Rift

Types of Boundaries Mid-ocean Ridges Subduction Boundary Shear Boundary Mountain Range

Mid-Ocean Ridge Spreading center Continuous chain of volcanic submarine mountains that encircle the globe Like seams on a baseball

Subduction When an oceanic plate slides under another plate Both volcanic and earthquake activity occur Forms very deep trenches

Shear Boundary When two plates slide parallel to each other Only earthquake activity San Andreas Fault

Mountain Range Forms when two continental plates collide

Hot Spot Forms when there is enough heat upwelling to form a volcano, but not enough to form a mid-ocean ridge

Continental Margin Where the continent meets the sea

Active Margin A continental margin that is geologically active A continental margin near a plate boundary USA’s west coast

Passive Margin A continental margin with no geological activity A continental margin not near a plate boundary USA’s east coast

Sediment Loose material like sand or mud that settles to the bottom of any body of water Sediment thickness increases as you move from m-o-r

Types of Sediment Lithogenous: from a non-living source Biogenous: from a living source

Calcareous Ooze Carbon based sediment Sediment containing calcium carbonate CaCO3

Siliceous Ooze Silicon based sediment Sediment containing silicon dioxide or silicates SiO2 or SiO4-4

Oceanic volcanoes that do not penetrate the surface of the ocean Seamounts Oceanic volcanoes that do not penetrate the surface of the ocean

Guyots Flat-topped seamounts Seamounts that are no longer active

Oceanic hot spot where hot gases escape through the ocean floor Hydrothermal Vent Oceanic hot spot where hot gases escape through the ocean floor

Black Smoker Another name for hydrothermal vents As hydrogen sulfide gas precipitates in cold water, you get a black precipitate

Passive Margins Parts Continental shelf Shelf break Continental slope Continental rise The Abyss

Continental Shelf Nearly flat, slightly sloping, not too deep area just off the shoreline

Where the continental shelf abruptly breaks off into a steep slope Shelf Break Where the continental shelf abruptly breaks off into a steep slope

Continental Slope The steeply sloping part of the margin that goes from the shelf break to the ocean floor

Where sediment builds up between the slope and the abyss Continental Rise Where sediment builds up between the slope and the abyss

The Abyss The Ocean Floor The Abyssal plain

Active Margin Parts Continental Shelf Shelf Break Continental Slope Trench The Abyss

In the water column or at any depth in the sea Pelagic In the water column or at any depth in the sea

Pelagic Zones Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathopelagic Abyssopelagic Hadopelagic

Epipelagic Zone Surface water where light can penetrate & photosynthesis can take place Photic zone

Mesopelagic Zone Middle zone, just below the epipelagic where no light penetrates, but is shadowy Twilight zone

Bathopelagic Zone Deep ocean water where no light penetrates and it is pitch black Complete darkness

Abyssopelagic Zone The water near the sea floor Bottom water

Hadopelagic Zone Sea water in the deep trenches Trench water

The Deep Sea Because the bathopelagic, abyssopelagic, & hadopelagic zones are so similar, they are lumped together as the deep sea