Chapter 9 Chemical Names and Formulas 9.1 Naming Ions 9.2 Naming and Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds 9.3 Naming and Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds 9.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases 9.5 The Laws Governing How Compounds Form Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds Recall that binary ionic compounds are composed of the ions of two elements, a metal and a nonmetal. Binary molecular compounds are also composed of two elements, but both elements are nonmetals and are not ions. Binary molecular compounds are composed of molecules, not ions, so ionic charges cannot be used to write formulas or to name them. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds When two nonmetallic elements combine, they often do so in more than one way. For example, the elements carbon and oxygen combine to form two gaseous compounds, CO and CO2. It might seem satisfactory to call both of these compounds carbon oxide. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds However, the two carbon oxides, CO and CO2, are very different compounds. You exhale CO2 as a product of your body chemistry, and it is normally present in the air you breathe. CO is a poisonous gas that interferes with your blood’s ability to carry oxygen to body cells. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds When you exhale underwater, bubbles containing CO2 rise to the surface of the water. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefixes Used in Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefix Number mono- 1 di- 2 tri- 3 tetra- 4 penta- 5 hexa- 6 hepta- 7 octa- 8 nona- 9 deca- 10 Prefixes in the names of binary molecular compounds help distinguish compounds containing different numbers of atoms, such as CO and CO2. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefixes in the names of binary molecular compounds tell how many atoms of an element are present in each molecule of the compound. The prefix mono- would be used for the single oxygen atom in CO. The prefix di- would be used for the two oxygen atoms in CO2. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

CHEMISTRY & YOU How does a triathlon differ from a pentathlon? How does phosphorus trifluoride differ from phosphorus pentafluoride? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

CHEMISTRY & YOU How does a triathlon differ from a pentathlon? How does phosphorus trifluoride differ from phosphorus pentafluoride? A triathlon is composed of 3 sports, while a pentathlon is composed of 5. Phosphorus trifluoride is a binary molecular compound that has 1 phosphorus and 3 fluoride atoms, while phosphorus pentafluoride contains 1 phosphorus and 5 fluoride atoms. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Use the prefixes listed in the table along with the guidelines on the next slides to name a binary molecular compound. Before you apply these steps, you must confirm that the compound is a binary molecular compound. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds To name a binary molecular compound, use the following guidelines. Write the names of the elements in the order listed in the formula. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds To name a binary molecular compound, use the following guidelines. Write the names of the elements in the order listed in the formula. Use prefixes appropriately to indicate the number of each kind of atom. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds To name a binary molecular compound, use the following guidelines. Write the names of the elements in the order listed in the formula. Use prefixes appropriately to indicate the number of each kind of atom. If just one atom of the first element is in the formula, omit the prefix mono- for that element. Also, the vowel at the end of a prefix is sometimes dropped when the name of the element begins with a vowel. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds 3. End the name of the second element with the suffix -ide. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Following these guidelines, CO is named carbon monoxide and CO2 is named carbon dioxide. Cl2O8 consists of two chlorine atoms and eight oxygen atoms. The name is therefore dichlorine octoxide. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Sample Problem 9.6 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Name the following binary molecular compounds. N2O PCl3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Analyze Identify the relevant concepts. Sample Problem 9.6 Analyze Identify the relevant concepts. Confirm that the compound is a binary molecular compound—a compound composed of two nonmetals. To name the compound, name the elements in the order written in the formula. Use prefixes as necessary to indicate the number of each kind of atom. Use the suffix -ide on the name of the second element. 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Sample Problem 9.6 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Identify the elements in the compound and the number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. a. N2O is composed of two nonmetals, nitrogen and oxygen. b. PCl3 is composed of two nonmetals, phosphorus and chlorine. 2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Sample Problem 9.6 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Write the names of the elements in the order they are written in the formula. Include prefixes to show how many atoms of each element. Use the suffix -ide with the name of the second element. a. Each molecule of N2O has: 2 nitrogen atoms; 1 oxygen atom. N2O is dinitrogen monoxide. 2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Sample Problem 9.6 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Write the names of the elements in the order they are written in the formula. Include prefixes to show how many atoms of each element. Use the suffix -ide with the name of the second element. b. Each molecule of PCl3 has: 1 phosphorus atom; 3 chlorine atoms. PCl3 is phosphorus trichloride. 2 The prefix mono- is not used with the first element indicated in the formula. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds To write the formula of a binary molecular compound, first use the prefixes in the name to tell you the subscript of each element in the formula. Then, write the correct symbols for the two elements with the appropriate subscripts. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Binary Molecular Compounds Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds An interesting example is tetraphosphorus trisulfide, which is used in some matches. The name tetraphosphorus trisulfide has the prefixes tetra- and tri-, so the subscripts of phosphorus and sulfur must be 4 and 3, respectively. Thus, the formula for tetraphosphorus trisulfide is P4S3. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds Sample Problem 9.7 Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds Write formulas for the following binary molecular compounds. nitrogen trifluoride disulfur dichloride Note: The number 1 is never used as a subscript in a formula. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Analyze Identify the relevant concepts. Sample Problem 9.7 Analyze Identify the relevant concepts. The prefixes in the name indicate the subscript of each element in the formula. Write the symbols for the two elements with the appropriate subscripts. 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Sample Problem 9.7 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Use the prefixes to determine how many atoms of each element are in the compound. 2 a. Each molecule of nitrogen trifluoride has: 1 nitrogen atom; 3 fluorine atoms. b. Each molecule of disulfur dichloride has: 2 sulfur atoms; 2 chlorine atoms. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Sample Problem 9.7 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Construct the formula using the correct symbols and subscripts. 2 a. 1 nitrogen atom; 3 fluorine atoms b. 2 sulfur atoms; 2 chlorine atoms NF3 S2Cl2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

What are binary molecular compounds composed of What are binary molecular compounds composed of? How is their composition different from binary ionic compounds? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

What are binary molecular compounds composed of What are binary molecular compounds composed of? How is their composition different from binary ionic compounds? Binary molecular compounds are composed of two elements, which are nonmetals and are not ions. Binary ionic compounds are composed of the ions of two elements, a metal and a nonmetal. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

BIG IDEA Ionic and molecular compounds differ in composition—ions form ionic compounds, and molecules form molecular compounds. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Complete 9.3 in the Study and Review Packet Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Key Concepts To name a binary molecular compound, write the names of the elements in the order listed in the formula. Use prefixes to indicate the number of each atom. End the name of the second element with -ide. To write the formula of a binary molecular compound, use the prefixes to determine the subscript of each element. Write the symbols for the elements with the subscripts. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.