Summaries due on Friday Include a title Title and references do not need separate pages Put your name on it If late, drop off at the Saint James welcome desk (only open during business hours) Follow formatting specifications detailed on the rubric Remember to revise, edit, and proofread

Subject > verb >object Jane went to the store Checking for grammar Subject > verb >object Jane went to the store Vazire and Carlson cite research by Sedikides and Gregg.

“He points out from these studies that . . .” He cites studies that prove . . . He points out that . . . , citing . . . as evidence. “The main point of their argument is surrounding . . . ” They argue that . . . Their central argument is that . . . “The author continues into thought on how . . . ” She continues . . . The author continues . . .

Why say “It provides statistics directly from their study, with significant results to support . . . ” When you could say Their study supports . . .

Citing their citations In The Straight Man, Richard Russo implies that “we understand each other . . . [b]etter than we understand ourselves” (as cited in Vazire and Carlson, 2011, p. 104). Vazire and Carlson cite research by Sedikides and Gregg (p. 104). But YOU are citing Vazire and Carlson You must give CREDIT to their reference (that is, distinguish between their voice and their source’s voice), but you must also indicate the LOCATION of their reference to the source (that is, where do they mention, reference, or quote this source in their article?)

“Quotes ‘within’ a quote” The Brief Penguin Handbook indicates that “If you want to quote material that is already quoted in your source, use single quotes for that material” (Faigley et al. p. 258). For example: “According to Nell Irving Painter, ‘People of African descent in the Diaspora do not speak languages of Africa as their mother tongue’” (as cited in Faigley et al., 2014, p. 258)

When to cite summaries and paraphrases Unless your summarizing statement is true of 100% of the article you must cite page number/s More than one page in a row? = (p. 23-25) More than one page, but not continuously? = (p. 23, 25)

Integrating quotes 1. Introduce your quote 2. Explain why it’s there Moving on from “according to” (when introducing quotes and paraphrases) They claim They argue They maintain They state that They cite For Vazire and Carlson, Their research shows that They admit that They contend

Transitions Vazire and Carlson claim that . . . . They also cite . . . , suggesting that . . . This idea . . . Repetition vs. repetitive According to your textbook, “Repeating key phrases and signalling relationships with transitional terms helps in building coherence” (Faigley et al., 2014, p. 23). However, they note that “Repetition” should propel “forward momentum” in order to avoid repeating content (p.24).

Congratulate yourself  Before you hand it in Give it a title Read it over Attach your draft Congratulate yourself 