with Development of the

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with Development of the Local and Regional Self-government Committee Thematic Session “What sort of Mountain Area Law Croatia needs” Croatian Parliament, Ivan Mažuranić Hall, 26 April 2018 ___________________________________________________________________ The Swiss Experience with Development of the Mountain Areas

The Mountains: Our Identity Switzerland: 48 Mountain Peaks higher than 4000m (Matterhorn: 4478m)

The Alps: Shared by 8 Countries Members of the Alpine Convention (www The Alps: Shared by 8 Countries Members of the Alpine Convention (www.alpconv.org)

Mountain Areas in Switzerland Mountain Area: 2/3 of Surface, 1/4 of Population

Urban Centers 6 Major Cities with > 100’000 Inhabitants Zürich Winterthur Basel Bern Lausanne Geneva

The «Upper Half» of Switzerland If you draw the line at 1080m, half of the surface of Switzerland is below and halve above that level.

Switzerland: A Country Shaped by Agriculture Total Surface 41’000 Km2 (Croatia: 57’000 Km2)

Alpine Pastures

Economic Structure in Switzerland

The New Financial Equalization (NFE) of 2004 26 Cantons, currently 9 contributing and 17 receiving A common project between Confederation and Cantons System was reformed in 2004: Create a more dynamic system, taking into account development and potential of Cantons Parliament can steer the process and correct it every 4 years Equal compensation for mountain and urban areas

The New Regional Policy (NRP) of 2008 The New Regional Policy (NRP) of the Federal Government to support mountain and other rural areas and border regions Three Objectives: Promotion of Innovation (main pillar) Encouraging Competitiveness, system of subsidies and loans Creation of Synergies (accompanying objective) Coordination of Sectoral Policies Sharing of Knowledge (support network, knowledge platform) www.regiosuisse.ch

Institutional Setup of the Regional Policy in Switzerland Federal Law on Regional Policy (Multiannual Programme) Cantonal Laws (Operational Programmes)

Agriculture and Direct Payments Art. 104 of the federal constitution: Ensured supplies, environmental stewardship, Conservation of the natural heritage, decentralised settlement, Promotion of particularly natural production methods that are Environmentally friendly and meet animal welfare criteria Types of subsidies: Farmland payments Payments for ensuring supplies Biodiversity payments Payments for landscape quality Payments for production systems

Development of Mountain Areas: A Cross-Sectoral Task Spatial Development and Planning (Linking urban and rural/mountain areas, defining functional spaces) Roads, Public Transportation, Infrastructure and Telecommunications (100 years ago: Road connections; today: fast internet) Agricultural Policy (System of subsidies, recognition of functions other than production – cultivated landscape, nature conservation, security of supply –, improving value chains) Tourism Policy (Supporting structural change in tourism) Environmental Policy (Protection of landscapes, national parks, coping with the effects of global warming, maintaining biodiversity) Energy Policy (Exploiting hydropower, water fees, wind and solar energy)

Policy for Rural and Mountain Areas