Scale: From Local to Global “Think and act both global and local”

What are the different types of Scale? 1. Map Scale (the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to it’s actual size on earth) Fraction (1/24,000) Ratio (1:24,000) Written (“1 inch equals 1 mile”) Graphic = visual representation

2. Spatial Scale= a geographer’s approach to place & space Local Scale Regional Scale Formal (ex. Montana) Functional (ex. Newspaper circulation) Vernacular (ex. “the South”) Global Scale Globalization (ex. Bhutan) http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/bhutan/

Diversity Amid Globalization Globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of people and places through the converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change Converging Currents of Globalization Global communications link world regions Global transportation moves goods quickly Transnational conglomerate corporations; international financial institutions more powerful than many countries Global free-trade agreements Market economies replace state-controlled economies Globalized market for consumer goods (needed or not) Globalization of workers, managers, executives

Globalization The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political, and cultural change. Economic globalization is happening fastest. Discussion: How is globalization affecting you? Can you see it in your everyday life? Panama, 1997

“The Last Place On Earth” What are the tensions between Global and Local needs in Bhutan with the introduction of TV? http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/bhutan/ Taken from Front Line (Small World) – May 2002

Global Consumer Culture May erode local diversity Can cause social tensions between traditional cultures and new, external globalizing influences Examples: clothing, food, movies, and more Hybridization: sometimes occurs when forms of American popular culture spread abroad then are melded with local cultural traditions world beat music, Japanese comic books, global rap, that are now found worldwide

Social Dimensions The Geopolitical Component Globalization goes beyond national boundaries United Nations provides representation to all countries Global trade and cultural exchange are the product of international agreements Environmental Concerns in search for resources local ecosystems Native peoples & traditions climate change, air & water pollution, deforestation Social Dimensions Increased international migration Criminal element to globalization Terrorism Drugs Pornography and prostitution Gambling

Drug Trade The Global Drug Trade (Fig. 1.6)

Advocates and Critics of Globalization The Pro-globalization Stance Globalization is logical expression of capitalism Removing trade barriers will increase efficiency, spread new technology and ideas Free flow of capital will enhance global economic wealth The world’s poorer countries will catch up through globalization The Anti-globalization Stance Today’s core, developed countries did not use globalization’s free-market economic model to foster their own development Globalization creates greater inequalities It promotes free-market, export-oriented economies, at the expense of local, indigenous economies Spreads undesirable things (diseases, crime, harmful flora and fauna)

Globalization The “Mc-World effect” What has allowed for the world to look like this? Why does geography in the contemporary world matter? What message is the cartoonist conveying/what can you infer from the cartoon? What can you infer about transnational corporations from this cartoon?

Global Economic Inequity 1960-2000 (Fig. 1.9) Inequity

Diversity in a Globalizing World Will globalization bring a homogenous, culturally bland world? The world is still a diverse place Language, religion Foods, architecture, urban form Politics, economics Ethnic and cultural differences are contributing to separatist political movements Politics of diversity demands attention to worldwide tensions over terrorism, ethnic separateness, regional autonomy, political independence

Globalization Have students read p. 23 & 24 of Russell Beck’s book…it can be located at the following website http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=SyHptKcmhc4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA23&dq=mcdonalds+and+globalization&ots=_grzDkZ9pQ&sig=l8jsWdHj8NKhiPvKIdzgl0c0t8I#v=onepage&q&f=false McDonaldsization and “Glocalization” But “McDonald's To Beef Up In India With Meatless Menu”

Philosophical Chairs It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity. Kofi Annan Greed and globalization aren't just America's fault. Arlo Guthrie For when we talk about the spreading power and influence of globalization, aren't we really referring to the spreading economic and military might of the US? Fredric Jameson Have students gather information using the resources provided before facilitating Philosophical Chairs. See folder titled “P. Chairs” under “Chapter 1 – Part 4”

Philosophical Chairs I am not someone who believes we should build a fence around our country but I do believe there ought to be some fairness with respect to the rules of this globalization. Byron Dorgan The negative side to globalization is that it wipes out entire economic systems and in doing so wipes out the accompanying culture. Peter L. Berger