A New Nation (1789-1800) Growing pains of our young country Three major areas of focus for the new nation Financial difficulties Problems with Native Americans Involvent in European affairs

The 1st President George Washington was elected our first president. Many fearful of Presidency (didn’t want another king) Priority number 1 was setting up the government

Washington's people Congress creates 4 departments of Executive Branch State Dept- handle relationships w/ other nations Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State Treasury Dept- handle financial issues Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of Treasury War Dept- handle nation’s defense Henry Knox- Secretary of War Attorney General- handle gov’ts legal affairs Edmund Randolph John Adams- Vice President John Jay- Chief Justice of Supreme Court

Financial Difficulties The new country found itself in DEBT Alexander Hamilton comes up with a plan Fed Gov’t pay debts owed to other nations and citizens States fought for independence, so Nat’l Gov’t should pay for their work Believed that this would give states strong interest in success of Nat’l Gov’t

HOW TO RAISE MONEY? Hamilton’s believes industry & manufacturing would make economy stronger Proposes tariff, or tax on imports Encourage people to buy American Encourage Americans to move toward industry Protect American industry from foreign goods South against this b/c little industry to protect But… Final part of Hamilton’s Plan centers around nat’l taxes Gov’t needs additional funds to operate & pay interest on nat’l debt Ex- tax on whiskey distilled in states Hamiton’s Plans give nat’l gov’t many new powers Opponents feel nat’l gov’t may be too strong now!

The nEw Governments first big test The Whisky Rebellion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gw7P82kOOs8 Hamilton’s taxes lead to rebellion in western PA Why the special tax on whiskey!?!?! Protests mostly peaceful- until July 1794 Fed tax collectors came to enforce tax Attacked by the large mob …. (Remind you of anything??) Alarmed leaders Washington decided to crush rebellion Serve notice to people who opposed gov’t Would have to do so peacefully & lawfully Shows gov’t will use force to maintain order

Problems with Native Americans Battle of Fallen Timbers Natives demand all settlers north of Ohio River leave Washington sends another army to challenge August1794 Wayne’s Army defeats 1,000+ Shawnee near present-day Toledo, OH Crushes native hopes of keeping their land 1795- Treaty of Greenville Natives agree to surrender most of present-day Ohio Jay’s Treaty Brits agree to withdraw from US Pay for US ships seized Allow US trade w/ Caribbean Wipes out US debt to England

Fighting in Europe British and French continue to fight in Europe French Revolution also happening right now Britain & France go to war Southerners wanted to side with France Northerners sided w/ British b/c they bought our goods Washington wanted US to be neutral, or not take sides As time goes, becomes increasingly difficult to be neutral

End of Washington’s Era September 1796 Washignton retires Sets tradition for future Presidents No more than 2 terms per President Leaves feeling troubled about how he leaves nation Fearful of getting involved in foreign affairs