Federalism - evolution

1789 - 1834 Period known as Nationalization During this time the courts used the supremacy clause and elastic clause to expand the power of the federal government. Marbury v. Madison – judicial review McCulloch v. Maryland – implied powers Gibbons v. Ogden – interstate commerce

1835 - 1933 Period known as Dual Federalism. Also called “layered cake” federalism. Courts try to lessen power of federal government. States will have their own, separate sphere of influence, as will the national government. Little to no overlap.

1934 - 1960 Period known as cooperative federalism. Also know as “marble cake” federalism. Launched by the Great Depression and the New Deal. A blending and a high sense of cooperation between federal, state, and local government.

1960 - 1968 Period known as creative federalism. Fueled by President Johnson’s “Great Society” program. Federal grants used to pressure states into doing what the government wanted. States become dependent on federal dollars.

1968 - 1992 Period known as new federalism. Marked by incredible change in federal aid. Revenue sharing Block grants Decrease in federal aid with increase in federal demand and programs to support individuals. Preemption Unfunded Mandates

1993 - ?? Period known as Newtonian federalism. Republicans capture control of both houses of Congress for first time in 40 years. Pledge to correct the ills of the national government and return power to the states.

That’s all for now!