Case Methodology
Paradoxes in Research & Practice Inductive in nature Unsuitable for theory building Lacks rigor & cannot replicate business phenomena V/s Powerful theories in management Best management practices Dominant method of teaching
Argument & Objective Statistical Method v/s Case Method Previous Literature Chandler (1962), Eisenhardt (1989), Yin (1994), Mintzberg (1994), Mason (1995), Wilkins (2000), & others Conceptualize a sampling process that can be applied to select cases in an unbiased, scientific and rigorous method Five-step sampling design
Case Methodology Inclusion of Context Richness of the context - more variables than data points Multiple sources of evidence Distinctive strategies for research design & for analysis
Types of Case Studies Exploratory Pilot Study Defining the problem for further detailed study Avoid using the data collected during this phase for the detailed study Descriptive Provides a complete description of phenomena within its context
Causal Case Studies Factor Theories Factor analysis, Regression analysis, ANOVA How to attract high-tech firms to a new location? Explanatory Knowledge-driven theory Problem-solving theory
Case Selection & Screening Convenient sampling Case Selection & Screening Convenient sampling? v/s Screening process – a formal survey Specify a universe and have a sampling plan Case Screening – requires sufficient time & resource http://www.ximb.ac.in/ximb_journal/
Unit of analysis Research Question – Poverty alleviation programs reduce poverty and improve quality of life Exemplary output - outcome Cases (different schemes) from different districts were covered to analyze the impact
Role of Theory in Case study Follow the experimental science Greater focus to the study Provides direction to research
State Highway & Floods in Rayagada district Case in Point: State Highway & Floods in Rayagada district
An Approach to Case Research
Framework for Case Study Research Theme - Multinationalization Process of Indian Companies: Framework for Case Study Country Context Localization of Business Industry Context Efficiency Issues (Cost) Technology Issues (Competitiveness) Firm Analysis Technology of Firm & Global Competitors Cost Differentials in Home & Host Country Local Industry & Global Industry Home Country & Host Country
CONTEXT Business Culture & Tradition Globalization Process in 20th Century Institutional Deficiencies in Emerging Countries Initial Pangs – Corporate Transformation Trials & Errors – Early Among the Late to Global Party
Firm Level Analysis Corporate History Evolution of Internationalization Factors: Motivators Modes of Entry Management Methods Morals Metaphors Metrics – Performance Leadership Issues under uncertainity
A Detailed Case Research An illustration