Module 1 The Study of Life Part 2 Honors Biology Module 1 The Study of Life Part 2

Class Challenge Crazy Sock Day

Homework Any questions?

Class Quiz Definitions: Matching Metabolism ___ 2. Anabolism ___ Catabolism ___ 4. Photosynthesis ___ The sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life. The sum total of all processes in an organism which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks. The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food. d. The sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism’s life functions.

Herbivore ___ 6. Carnivore ____ Omnivore ___ 8. Autotrophs ___ Heterotrophs _____ Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food. Organisms that are able to make their own food. Eat both plants and other organisms. Eat only organisms other than plants Eat only plants.

10. List the steps of the The Scientific Method 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The home school shuffle Grade Quiz The home school shuffle

Definitions: Matching Metabolism ___D__ 2. Anabolism ___A___ Catabolism ___B___ 4. Photosynthesis ___C__ The sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life. The sum total of all processes in an organism which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks. The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food. d. The sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism’s life functions.

Herbivore ___i__ 6. Carnivore ___H__ Omnivore _G__ 8. Autotrophs ___F__ Heterotrophs _E__ Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food. Organisms that are able to make their own food. Eat both plants and other organisms. Eat only organisms other than plants Eat only plants.

10. List the steps of the The Scientific Method 1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Collect Data 4. Hypothesis becomes a theory (collect more date) Theory becomes a Law (data are consistent with the theory) +______ 14

The Scientific Method https://youtu.be/LKFanG5s01M

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BASIS OF BIOLOGY

Biological Classifications All organisms can be placed into three groups: Producers, Consumers Decomposers Most consumers can be placed into a category: Herbivores, Carnivores and omnivores.

Kingdoms A more detailed and multileveled classification divides all organisms into 5 different groups called Kingdoms.

Phylum The organisms within each kingdom can then be further divided into different groups called Phylum.

Classes Each Phylum can be further divided into Classes

Orders Classes are divided into Orders

Families Orders are divided into Families

Genus Families are divided into Genus

Species And the Genus is finally broken down into Species

King Philip Cried Out, “For Goodness Sake!” Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

Names of the Kingdoms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

The first and most basic distinction that we make between organisms is based on the number and type of cells that the organism has. Cells come in two basic types: Prokaryotic: a cell that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles. Eukaryotic: a cell with distinct membrane-bounded organelles.

What is an Organelle? In order for a cell to live it must perform certain functions. So two of our criteria for life is that living things much have energy conversion mechanism as well as reproductive capacity. In order to carry our these functions, cells must complete many different tasks. The individual tasks needed to complete these functions are carried out by distinct structures within a cell. These structures are called Organelles.

Cell Membrane In order to stay distinct, these organelles must be surrounded by a Membrane that separates them from the rest of the cell. A “distinct, membrane-bounded organelle” is simply a structure within a cell that performs a specific task. Prokaryotic cells do not contain these internal structures, but they still can perform all of the necessary functions of life. More about that later….

Figure 1.6 (page 19)

Dividing Organisms into 5 different Kingdoms Monera: contains all organisms that are composed of either one prokaryotic cell or a simple association of prokaryotic cells. “simple association” means if cells work together in order to complete the tasks necessary for life, they can do it in one of two ways:

Monera Cells can either by highly specialized, each taking on a specific set of tasks need for the organism to survive, or Cells work together as a group, each performing essentially the same tasks, but doing so as a group. Examples: Humans vs. Blue-green Algae

Kingdom Protista Contains those organisms that are composed of only one eukaryotic cell or a simple association of eukaryotic cells. Amoebae, paramecia, and algae. Kingdoms Monera and Protista contain most of the microorganisms that exist on earth. They also make up the vast majority of life on earth.

Kingdom Fungi This kingdom is made up of mostly decomposers. These are organisms that feed off of dead organisms, decomposing them into their constituent chemicals so that they can be used again by producers. Eukaryotic cells…mostly multicelluar (only a few are single celled) Mushrooms and breadmold.

Plants…Trees…grasses…flowering bushes Kingdom Plantae Composed mostly of autotrophs (organisms that can produce their own food). Some organisms are classified in Plantae that are parasitic organisms. Organisms are multicelled with eukaryotic cells. Plants…Trees…grasses…flowering bushes

Animals…. Grasshoppers, birds, cats, fish and snakes Kingdom Animalia Contains multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cells. Organisms are heterotrophs (dependant on other organisms for food) but are not decomposers…that’s fungi. Animals…. Grasshoppers, birds, cats, fish and snakes

Species A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units….. If organisms can reproduce and their offspring can also reproduce, these organisms belong to the same species.

Figure 1.7 and 1.8 Biological Keys CD Rom

The Three Domain System Figure 1.9 Archaea: Prokaryotic organisms that live in Extreme environments Bacteria: The other prokaryotic organisms in creation. Eukarya: All organisms with eukaryotic cells.

Experiment 1.1 Using a Biological Key Video of using a Biological Key https://www.screenr.com/dD48

Experiment 1.2 Introduction to the Microscope See the slides on website: http://mindfulramblings.com/2010/08/28/apologia-biology-module-1/

Homework Finish OYO for Module 1 Complete Study Guide for Module 1 Complete labs in Lab book Quiz: Biological Classification; diagram of Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Read Module 2 pages 37-49. Class challenge: Photoshop your head onto an animal. Take test for Module 1